46 THE ATRIUM VEST. 
tral court, the level of which was also raised.*_ Underneath the stairway 
a small shrine was built. 
The other and more noticeable change occurred in the second story, 
where a system of bath-rooms was inserted in the rooms of the earlier build- 
ing.? The rudeness of the construction and the awkwardness of the arrange- 
ment point to a period later than that of the Vestals. In the rooms next to 
the stairs on the south is a caldarium® with a tepidarium* adjoining it. The 
method of entrance into the caldarium is not clear, since the basin occupied 
the space next to the door. The frigidarium, if one existed, was in the room® 
on the other side of the caldarium. In the walls of all these rooms flue tiles 
are found, by which the heat was conducted from the furnace in the dark 
passage below.® In the first of the larger rooms beyond’ a smaller caldarium 
has been built, which received its heat from a furnace underneath the basin. 
The water, however, must have been heated in some other manner, since 
sufficient heat for this purpose could not have been received from the furnace 
underneath, on account of the thickness of the concrete floor of the basin. 
The rooms toward the east,® which also were heated both by hypocausts 
and by flue tiles in the walls, were probably used for a teprdartum and for 
dressing-rooms. Behind this group of rooms® a corridor was built, from 
which the furnaces underneath the rooms were fed. On the east of the court 
is a frigidarium™ 2.95 meters square and 1.15 meters deep, which is lined 
with rare marbles. It was entered by steps leading down directly from the 
passage-way which connected the rooms on either side of the court. Near 
the entrance, 1.90 meters above the ground, were holes through which the 
water poured into the basin below in jets, as in certain houses in Pompeii. 
At the southeast corner of the building, in one of the earlier shops” opening 
upon the street in the rear of the Atrium, a tank” was placed, from which the 
various baths were supplied with water. In the adjoining room a smaller 
tank was built, near which may have stood another basin. Throughout the 
whole Atrium many unimportant changes occurred, as the insertion of hypo- 
causts in several of the rooms® on the north, and the restoration of the older 
pavements. The colonnade also was at some later time superseded by a 
brick wall pierced with windows and the corridor on the south was cut into 
small rooms. 
Of the history of the Atrium in the centuries following 382 A. D., when 
the building was abandoned by the Vestals in consequence of the decree of 
1See plate x, fig. 2. The pavement to which Plan F, 15b. The frigidarium has been built 
the modern steps ascend is of this late above one of the shops opening upon the 
restoration. street behind the Atrium, into which there 
2 Plan F b. had been inserted a stairway leading to the 
3 Plan F 4, 7. upper stories of the house. 
‘Plan F 5, 6. Plan E, m”. The shop furthest to the south. 
5 Plan F 5, 8. 2The remains of this tank are very scanty. It 
6 Plan E, 28-29. rested on a brick-faced concrete vault 
7 Plan F 6, 9. similar to that which supported the adjoining 
8 Plan F b, 10-11. frigidarium. 
® Plan F 8, 9-11. 13For example, see plan E, 11, 12. 
