HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. 7 
seen,’ later in construction than the rooms adjacent to them. They must, 
therefore, belong to a period subsequent to that of Nero and of the Flavians, 
to which these rooms have been assigned. The rooms on the east are 
identical in type of construction with those on the south.?, The number of 
coins of the time of Hadrian* which refer to the cult, as well as the well- 
known activity of that ruler in building, lead to the assumption that the 
enlargement of the Atrium is to be ascribed to him rather than to any 
other of the post-Flavian emperors. With this conclusion the walls are in 
harmony, agreeing even in many unessential details with those of the more 
important monuments of Hadrian, such as the Mausoleum and the Pan- 
theon.* The new groups of rooms on the east and on the south are, there- 
fore, of his time. 
The Atrium of the Fourth Period: In the previous period there had been 
left, on either side of the garden’ on the east, spaces not unlike the ale of the 
private house. By filling in these spaces the number of rooms was much 
increased and the newer part of the Atrium on the east was more closely 
connected with the earlier building,® although the court on the west and the 
garden were not united to form the present large court until a later period.’ 
Over the eastern half, at least, of the Atrium, when so enlarged, upper stories® 
were built, or possibly, in the case of the rooms already existing, rebuilt. 
These alterations and additions mark the fourth stage in the growth of the 
building.® That we are here dealing with a distinct structure and one later 
in period than those already discussed is certain. It is evident, in the first 
place, from the lack of agreement in architectural plan and in type of con- 
struction, as well as from the loose mode of attachment between their walls, 
that the rooms which are here under discussion are structurally distinct from 
those both of the first and second periods on the west and of the third period 
on the east.’ ‘That they are not only distinct from, but later than the rooms 
of the other periods is even more evident. The concrete foundation of the 
front wall of the east rooms projects more than half a meter beyond the wall 
itself. On the north side of the court the later wall, the foundation of which 
is a meter lower than that adjoining it, has been built, in a bungling fashion, 
against and on top of this projecting foundation." In the same manner, 
on the south a shelf which extended along the front wall of the earlier rooms 
has been utilized in the building of the new walls.” The walls of the upper 
stories also, which are united structurally with the new rooms of the lower 
story, are built on top of those of the east rooms,"‘or are, as on the side towards 
E See p. 32. 
2 See pp. 32. 
3 Cohen, Adrien, 1450; Sabine, 64-68, 78-87. The 
coins of the time of Trajan are few (Cohen, 
Trajan, 644-645; Plotine, 10-11). The 
brickwork also does not belong to his period. 
4 Seep. 33- 
© See plan C, c. 
¢ Plan D. 
7See p. 43. 
8 Plan Fa. 
9 Plans D and Fa. 
Auer (/.c., p. 8) noted certain of these facts and 
called attention to their significance. 
See p. 36 and plate vi, fig. 2. 
See p. 36. 
BPlan F. 
4See p. 42. 
