GRAMMAR OF SA‘A AND ULAWA. 145 
always accompanied by the shorter forms without 7, these latter are 
used as subject. Similarly inge‘ie is always followed by e. 
2. The forms in the singular are never used as the object of a verb or 
of a preposition with the single exceptionof‘o. Forms without: are used 
in the dual and plural first and second persons as the object of a verb. 
3. The forms no and ne are used with the verbal particles of the same 
vowel facies, no with ko of general time, ne with ke and ke‘: of future 
time, a with ‘a of general time, and ne with ‘e future. 
4. Nge is used before proper names, and the personal article a 
coalesces, ngea Awao e lae Awao has gone. It is also used in phrases: 
so nge well then, nge nz ‘oto that is it, e mae nge he is done for now. 
5. £ is used as the subject of a verb. It 1s also used following the 
longer forms for the sake of emphasis: inge‘ie nge‘ie e ‘unue he said it. 
It is equivalent also to there is, it is: ¢ madoro it is hot, ¢ gale ola there 
is nothing. It follows a noun as a secondary subject: nemo e nemo 
the rain rains, mwa hdnua e ruru the people came together; similarly 
it may follow a pronoun, kiratet e lae who went? 
6. The forms in —/u denote a more restricted number of persons, 
but they are not used to form a trinal number. Sa‘a is more careful 
than Ulawa in the proper use of these different forms. 
7. The pronouns of the third person singular and plural may be used 
of impersonal or of inanimate objects. Kzire is used to form a passive: 
kire ‘unue it has been said, lit. they have said it, mu 1°e kire hahi‘t ‘oto 
have the fish been cooked? Kire followed by the personal article a 
and ola thing or a proper name is used also to denote a company or 
party: kiraa ola, So-and-so’s party, kiraa Dora Dora’s people. 
8. The forms in 7 are used to denote possession: poo ineu my pig, 
‘elekale 1‘emere‘i the child of us two, poro inge‘1e her husband, hu‘e 1‘oe 
thy wife. 
g. A chief or person of importance is always addressed in the dual, 
moro or molu; and a mother, either by herself or with her child, is 
addressed as moro. 
B. PRONOUNS SUFFIXED TO VERBS OR TO PREPOSITIONS AS OBJECT. 
Sa‘a. ULawa. 
Singular: Singular: 
I. Qu. I. au. 
, ate 2. ‘0. 
aye uM. 
Dual: : Dual: ; 
Inclusive: 1. kure. Inclusive: 1. kara‘t, kara. 
Exclusive: 1. ‘emere‘t, ‘emeru‘e, mere“, mere. Exclusive: 1. ‘emere‘t, mere‘t, mere. 
2. ‘omoro‘t, moro‘t, moro. 2. ‘omoro‘t, moro‘t, moro. 
3. raru‘e, raru‘i. 3. raru‘a, raru‘t. 
Plural: Plural: 
Inclusive: 1. ki‘e, kolu. Inclusive: 1. ki‘a, ka‘elu. 
Exclusive: 1. ‘emi, melu. Exclusive: 1. ‘amt, melu. 
2. ‘omu, ‘omolu, molu. 2. amu, ‘omolu, molu. 
3. ra, ra‘elu, ‘t. 3. ra, ra‘elu, ‘t. 
Examples of usage are: noko leesi‘o I see thee, ¢ ‘unue hunieu he told 
me. When the verb ends in a and au is suffixed only one a 1s sounded. 
