146 GRAMMAR OF SA‘A AND ULAWA. 
The form 4 is suffixed to a transitive verb as an anticipatory object: 
nou ka‘a leesie nga “inoni I did not see-—him a person, melu heleste “oto 
mu ola we have done-it the things. 
The forms 4d, rd may be used of inanimate or impersonal objects. 
The form ‘: is used in place of rd when things and not persons are 
the object of the verb: Jae wau huni‘i go and fetch them. 
C. PRONOUNS SUFFIXED TO NOUNS OR TO VERBAL NOUNS USED AS PREP- 
OSITIONS, OR TO GERUNDIVES. 
Sa‘ A. ULaAWwa. 
Singular: Singular: 
I. ku. I. ku. 
2. mu. 2. mu. 
3. nd. 3. nda. 
Dual: Dual: 
Inclusive: 1. kara‘t. Inclusive: 1. kara‘t, kara. 
Exclusive: 1. mere‘t. Exclusive: 1. mere‘t, mere. 
2. moro‘t, moro. 2. moro‘1, moro. 
3. daru‘e. 3. daru‘t. 
Plural: Plural: 
Inclusive: 1. ka, ka‘elu. Inclusive: 1. ka, ka‘elu. 
Exclusive: 1. mdm, melu. Exclusive: 1. mam, melu. 
2. miu, molu. 2. miu, molu. 
3. dd, da‘elu; nt. 3. da, da‘elu; nt. 
1. These are the pronouns denoting possession and they are sufixds 
to a certain class of nouns only, those which denote the names of paret 
of the body, or of family relationships, or of things in close relation- 
ship to the possessor; in all other cases possession is denoted by the use 
of the ordinary personal pronouns. 
2. Of the plural forms those ending in Ju denote a restriction in the 
number of the persons concerned. 
3. When things are in question 77 is used in place of da: lai ne‘i 7 
talani put the things in their places. 
4. Verbal nouns used as prepositions: honotaku opposite me, to 
meet me, honota is in form a verbal noun but it is not in independent 
use as a word. 
5. In words like sieku at my house, saada‘elu at their house, 
maraamu by yourself, sisingana over against it, the roots are evidently 
nouns but they do not occur in independent use. In the dictionary 
all such words are followed by a hyphen, e. g., saa-. 
D. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 
These are ‘ze, “ienini, ni S., inihou, nthou, ni U., this. 
ngeena, waune 8.3 iniwau, niwau, waunt U., that. 
I. ‘zenint is more forcible than ‘ze; ni is used suffixed to nouns, to 
personal pronouns, to urz thus, and to s7‘iri today, in Ulawa it is also 
sufixed to adjectives and adverbs. 
2. ena is used by itself in Sa‘a as a demonstrative, nge nou lae mai 
ena that is why I came; waw is the adverb meaning there. In certain 
villages in Ulawa a dehinste ican int is used in the sense of “‘that is it.” 
