LINGUISTICS IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC. 165 
original; thus, in the Solomons it is easy to render salvation, 1. ¢., 
health, Sa‘a mauri to be alive, mauringe health, maurthe life; truth, 
Sa‘a wala‘imolinge; faith, Sa‘a hii-wala‘imolinge, 1. e., feeling to be true; 
atonement, Sa‘a ha‘a‘ureruru, 1. ¢., cause to have friendly relations 
with. Similarly, renderings are available for such words as spirit, 
way, light, and for repent, redemption, 1. ¢., purchase, grace, 7. ¢., gift, 
though this latter rendering is Confetti imperfect. The idea of 
love is difficult to render into Melanesian; the word used in Mota, 
tapeva, denotes propitiation and gift as well as love; the Sa‘a word used 
means kindly-natured; the root of the Polynesian aroha, which is 
rendered as love, is aro, which appears in Florida, Solomon Islands, as 
arov to pity, and in the Mota ma-garo-sa compassionate. The Maori 
of New Zealand uses the quasi-English ripeneta for repent, but no 
doubt a native equivalent could have been found corresponding to 
the radical notion of change of mind. In Mota and in many Mela- 
nesian languages the word used as a translation of pray is tataro, which 
really implies the invocation of a dead person and which was used 
as a preliminary utterance before the real words of invocation. In 
the Solomons tataro appears in San Cristoval and in Sa‘a ‘ataro or 
‘akalo a ghost, and in Polynesia Hawaiian kalokalo prayer; Samoan 
tatalo, prayer. 
Some difficulty was experienced in Sa‘a and Ulawa in finding a word 
to express pray. At first rzhunga‘1, a San Cristoval imported word, was 
used; then a word was found, are to invoke a spirit, arenga‘’t he‘u to 
perform an ordeal with hot stones, calling on the name of certain 
ghosts or spirits, but no verbal noun formed from this arenga or 
arenga‘inga met with approval. Eventually recourse was had to a 
verbal noun gao olanga formed from qao ola to worship, hold communi- 
cation with the ghosts, as an equivalent for prayer. In Sa‘a there is 
also a word, palo which means to act officially, to worship, and its verbal 
noun palonga is either an act or worship. ‘The word used so largely in 
Polynesia as an equivalent both for prayer and also worship, lotu, has 
been imported into southern Melanesia and also into New Guinea by 
the missionaries. Dr. Codrington considers that the Sa‘a word lo‘u, to 
contract ceremonial defilement, is the same as this word lotu. ‘The 
word Jotu is said to mean bowing down as in prayer, and Dr. Codring- 
ton makes the Sa‘a lJo‘u mean to fall from a ceremonial standard, be 
brought low. (Mel. Anthrop., p. 233.) Maori uses the quasi-English 
kororia for glory, where Mota has lengas bright radiance, and Sa‘a has 
manikulu‘anga fame, prestige, and a similar word might have been 
found in Maori. 
The translation used in Sa‘a for sin is oraha‘a, the root idea of which 
is ‘‘excess,” acting contrary to the accepted standard of morality of the 
place. The word conscience is extremely difficult to render into Mel- 
