24 
agih January, 1776, as calculated by 
C. Messier, was lefs, by one degree and 
a balf, thanthat of 1709. But C. Cas- 
SINI, efter remarking, that, in 1709, the 
thermometer was fixed within the tower 
of the obfervatory, and that in 1776 it 
was expofed to the operation of the ex- 
ternal air, js ef opinion, that the cold cf 
3709 was more fevere, by two degrees, 
‘than that of 17763; andthatthe cold of 
the laft year will be found to be one de- 
gree three quarters Jefs than that of 
~ 2709, and lefs, by two degrees one quar- 
ter, than that of 1788; but thefe com- 
“parifons are not fufceptible of precifion. 
All that can be faid, is, that it appears, 
that the cold of the years 1794-5, like 
that of 1776, has been Jefs, by two de- 
grees, according to fome, than that of 
x709 and 1788, ana nearly the fame, ac- 
<ording to others. 
Inthe Méemcire of C. Wesstex, rela- 
tive to the fir comet of 1738, will bé 
Found a detailed account .of the fevere 
Winter Of 1788-9. Whe froft continued 
rom the 25th of November, 1788, to the 
3th of January, 3 Pag, 
#uring Gfty days; and on the 
eember, at three quarters paft. feven 
clock in the morning, his thermo- 
meters were at 18 $ and 18 3, or two 
degrees and a half more than in 1776, 
and two degrees and a quarter more 
than’ in’) 179 Thefe chermometers 
eighty-five degrees _(de 
Peau bouillanté) from freezing, 
heat of botling water.; fo that it is 
meceffary to fubtract 1, in order to re- 
‘duce them to the feale of thofe of eighty 
degrees, which we are arcuftomed .to 
make ufe of. C. MasstER’s thermoime- 
‘ters are defcribed in the Mémoires ef the 
ficademy for 1776. The obfervations of 
€.Cor;rre, relative to this memorable 
winter, will be found in the Yeurnal des 
Savans of 1789, p. 306, in4to. C. Mgs- 
steER has alfo communicated interefting 
‘obfervations, made at Andouville, in- 
Beauce, concerning the effets of this 
froft (Mem.de 1 Acad. 1789, p- 618); but 
this volume, although already printed, 
has not yet been publifhed. In fhort, 
there are various remarks on the fame 
fubjet, in Epbemerides focictatis mcteoro- 
logic Palating, in 40 vol. 4to. printed 
at Manheim. 
I fhall here give a table containing a 
eomparative eftimate of the great frotts 
during the prefent century, obferving, 
at the fame time, that the moft of them 
have been but little felt, on account of 
#he fhortnefs of their duration, 
Prr 
Yi 
= 2 . 
7°9 3 
21% of De- 
Lalande on Hard Froffs. 
that is-to fay, - 
{ Jan. 
THE YEAR DEGREES. 
E740) B75ly F703) See 10 
1757, 1766 - - 10g 
1753 ee € = Ics 
BGO le = =~ “eat 
17455 1743 » - ft See 
1767, 1768 - _ £2.- 
1729 - - - 12s 
1754) 1755 . 7 Bag 
1747 - - * 123 
1742 PF oitprene eee 
17383 = = - 143 
1716 ~ - - 15a 
1776 and 1795 = - 165 
‘1709 and 1788 - - 18 
J thall alfo add another table of the ri» 
gorous winters during the laft 2080 years; 
ii which will be found fome that have 
efcaped the notice of the learned, wi 
have occupied their attention with ts” 
fubject. Several of them have been fur-- 
nifhed me by M. Zaca, a celebratéd 
aftronomer of Gotha, 
THE-VEAR 
177 ‘before the vulgar ara, ace 
cording to Livy and Ta- 
<itus, Annal. XIII. 35, & 
Herodian, Bock 6, chap: 7. 
60% -of the vulgar era. Calvifius, 
P57: . 
q17F Lalv.. p. 623. 
763 Cluvier,~ Epitom. -p, 432, 
Caly. p. 634. 
ger Caly. ees 
$24. Calv. p. 653, according te 
Aimoin. 
$23 Calv. p. 654. 
859 Caly. p.665, according to the 
Annals of Fulda, — 
1124 & 3125 Jonfton Zopf. in a Chronicle 
Printed in German at Jena, 
T2904 about the year 1687. 
1323 
1399 Olaus Magnus, De gentibus 
/eftem, epit. lib. c. 19. 
Winckler 
1400 Calvifius, p. 866 Phyf. 
p. 918. 
1423 Berneggeri Oofervat. Hifor. 
Polit, p. 199. 
1436 Hetor Boethius, Hi? Scotia, 
lib. 17. Communes. de reb. - 
geft. Lud. XIL 
1584 Zopt. 
1594 Zopf. 
1597 & 1593 Zopt. 
1599 Zopf. 
1608 Calvifius, p. 963. 
1621 Calvifius, p. 987. 
Mention is alfo made of pretty fevere 
winters inthe years 864, 1157, 1318, 
and T1341. ‘ 
In the Meteorological Obfervations, 
inferted in the ‘Yournal Général de France 
(or les Agiches de Province, par Foutenay) 
from the month of May,*a758, to the 
5 month 
