1797-] 
origin of every other vice. Much dif- 
fatisfaétion prevails at this time, on ac- 
count of the high prices of provifions ; 
and a riot is expected to take place every 
day. The farmers are. confequently, 
afraid to bring their corn to marker, left 
it be taken from them; and only two 
loads of wheat appeared on the aft mar- 
ket day. 
I have obferved, not only here, but 
in every other manufacturing town, in 
Yorkfhire, that religion appears to flou- 
vith, under every apparent difadvantage. 
I am led to this remark, by the number 
and variety of diffenting meetings, which 
are built -every year, and alfo from the 
new chapels of the Methodifts. Whe- 
ther this great increafe of feétaries 1s 
really occafioned by motives purely reli- 
gious, by a love of novelty to hear dif- 
ferent preachers, and in a different mode, 
or by the fuppofed negligence of many 
clergymen of the eftablifhed church, I 
leave tothe determination of others. 
The oat-bread ftill ufed in the more 
northern parts of the weft-riding, has 
difappeared here ; and that made of flour 
has been fubftituted.—Oatmeal is, how- 
ever, not unfrequently ufed in making 
pottage, among the lower claffes. 
The Duke of NorRFOLK is the prin- 
cipal proprietor in this town and neigh- 
bourhood, his grace’s eftate is faid to 
produce him 30,000]. per annum. 
May 6, went from SHEFFIELD to 
CHESTERFIELD, in Derbyfhire, . 12 
miles. The road very bad; foil, a mix- 
ture of whitifh-coloured fand and clay, 
and rather barren than otherwife.. The 
furface of the country uneven, but not 
mountainous. Some pieces of prett 
woodland. chiefly of oak. Near Shefheld 
and Chefterfield, the general appearance 
‘is pleafant : in the intervening country, 
the fields aré {mall and irregular, with 
fome tracts of common interiperfed.— 
‘Thefe, and feveral other circumftances, 
give this diftriét a ftriking refemblance 
to fome parts of Cumberland. The 
houfes are generally built of white free- 
ftone, and covered with flate of the fame 
kind. The population is not fo great as 
‘in the diftriét I have lately paffed ; ma- 
_nufaétures being lefs prevalent. I, how- 
ever, obferved, four or five founderies 
near the road,*and a number of {miths 
in the villages, making feythes and fic- 
kles. A {pecies of the Lancafhire breed 
of cattle prevails; large carts, drawn by 
three or four heavy horfes, are in unt- 
verfal ufe, and the fame number are 
. Monraty Mac. No. XV. 
Tour of England. —Sheffieldi..Chefterfield..: Matlock. ~ 203 
yoked to the pioughs. There is here no- 
thing worthy of imitation in agriculture. 
CHESTERFIELD, which affords refi- 
dence to 4000 inhabitants, is chiefly 
built of brick, and covered partly with 
tile, and partly with white flate. The 
inal het aMice is a fine {pacious fquare, 
the largeft I have feen. The church-{pire 
is very ancient, and curioufly conftructed 
of wood, upon a fquare fteeple, and co- 
vered with lead. Its height is very con- 
fiderable, and not being erected exaélly 
perpendicular, but having different 
bends, it has an appearance ftrikingly 
odd. It is faid, to be almoft the only 
one of the kind in the kingdom. Inthe 
church, J faw a large rib, which is care- 
fully preferved, it is five feet long, and 
proportionably thick. The legendary 
ftory of this rib is, that it belonged to the 
famous Dun Cow, which grazed on Dun= 
more-heath, and gave milk toevery per- 
fon who went to her for that purpofe. 
There is no manufaéture of any confe- 
quence in Chefterfield ; that of iron is 
the principal ; a few potteries, for mak- 
ing brown ware, and fome ftocking, 
carpet, and cotton weaving, are alfo car- 
ried on. Coalisin great abundance. 
May 8, went from CHESTERFIELD 
to Mariock, in Derbythire, nine miles. 
The road much out of repair; the fur- 
face hilly ; foil, a fort of clay; paffed 
over feveral very barren commons, pro- 
ducing much heath s aconfiderable quan- 
tity of land, lately inclofed and improy- 
ed; Iie country, in: general, has, a 
naked, unpleafant afpeét, although not 
wholly deftitute ‘of .woodland. This 
diftriét contains white free-ftone, lime= - 
ftone, coal, iron and lead ore. There 
are feveral founderies near the road.— 
The ancient cuftom of riding on jack- 
affes, appears to be revived in this coun- 
ty; I obferved feveral refpe€table far- 
mers mounted on this humble animal, 
which, in Cumberland, is rarely afcend- 
ed, bur by the meaneft beggar. I alfo 
noticed, at different times, three or four 
of them drawing a cart along the road, 
and with various loadings. 
MariocKk is a ftraggling village, 
fituated partly on the declivity of a hill, 
and partly in a narrow valley, inelofed 
with rugged rocky hills. The river 
Derwent runs along that vale. Matlock 
is much noted for its hot baths, romantic 
firuation, curious fpars and foffils, dug 
from its numerous lead-mines, and falu- 
brious air. There is a lime-ftone rock 
ee one fide of the valley, which 
qd 1S, 








