MELANESIAN ANNOTATIONS ON THE VOCABULARY. 65 
rately recorded it would involve mutation by progression of mutes, 
a principle which is quite unestablished in these languages. We there- 
fore leave it out of the account. 
We find, accordingly, in Melanesia proper, the stem surely estab- 
lished at three determining points—the extreme south of the New 
Hebrides, the central region of that group, and the center of the Solo- 
mon Islands—two points upon my Viti stream, one upon the Samoa 
stream. ‘The other affiliations are derived from New Guinea in the 
three divisions which I have proposed for reference and from that 
part of the western Bismarck Archipelago immediately adjacent 
thereto. Friederici points out in the Bismarck Archipelago at large 
the existence of a diverse stem and quite cogently establishes its inde- 
pendent character, although in one form pot it suggests acquisition 
through Beach-la-Mar from an English source. In the items 2-7 
and 9 we have a smooth series of identifications. The Sissano ro ol, 
on which this inquiry rests, entails no difficulty. In 12-14, after 
omitting the accidental additions which are in harmony through 
three languages, we have no difficulty in seeing a series of affiliates. 
The only thing which might militate against this identification is 
that Misima has not only 14 gurewa but also 16 olun, diverse deriva- 
tives from the same stem; but this is matter of no grave importance. 
The Bongu 15 karéng is somewhat violent in affiliation, but the fact 
that it falls into series with 16-17 in the assumption of a final nasal 
admits it to consideration. The Kai 18 kudsi has no more resem- 
blance than the ku, the mutation Ids is not supported elsewhere in 
these languages, and in this series we find no evidence of o—-i mutation, 
except as it may progress from o-e, which occurs in 11-14. 
73. pipip butterfly. 
REFERENCES: Melanesische Wanderstrasse, 67: 131, 130: 131. Deutsch-Neugu nea, 
202b. Ray, 394: 23,485:23. Codrington 41:12 Polynesian Wanderings, 251. 
POLYNESIAN. 
pepe Samoa, Futuna, Uvea, Niué, Nuku- | bebe Tonga. 
oro, Fotuna, Nuguria, Tahiti, Mar- | mbémbé Viti. 
quesas, Maori. pep Rotuma, 
MELANESIAN. 
1. pépe Hula, Keapara, Galo- 9. ndrapipi Moanus. 
ma, Lauan, Mota, | 1o. pip Lo. 
Saa, Bululaha, Fa- | 11. pipip Sissano. 
gani, Ulawa, Nguna, | 12. papiwa Kunini, Jibu. 
Tangoa, Arag, Ma- | 13. papapi Dabu. 
rina. 14. papelug Bugi. 
2. lepepe Epi. 15. paubuuk Tanna. 
3. pepele New Georgia. 16. bebe Baravon, New Britain, 
4. pepeqa Dobu. Domara, Mailu, 
5. pépéa Vrinagol. Rubi, Suau, Sariba, 
6. pep Lakon, Pak, Sasar, Alo Massim, Wango, 
Tegel. Vaturanga, Efaté, 
7. peb Norbarbar. Arag, Buka, Omba, 
8. pipi Namau, Elema, Ua- Maewo. 
ripi, Toaripi, Lepu. 17. bébé Petat, Alu. 
