74 SISSANO. 
o—-e mutation is found in 30-33, 35-36, 43-45. In the same direction 
and but a slight step in progress the o-i mutation is found in 34 and 39. 
In 28 and 29 we find the addition of another vowel syllable i. This is 
distinctly not a phonetic variation; the final syllable i is added to the 
poro stem for some reason inherent in the sense. We have no means 
of determining the shade of meaning thereby established, yet it is not 
without significance that we find the bo stem distinguished in items 
119-132 by this i (e). 
In connection with boro we should examine class G, in which the 
stem is differenced by the addition of a nasal syllable, ma in 71, 75-76, 
78-79; me in 77; mo in 72, 80; and simple m in 73, 74. In these 
varieties the stem o-o is largely preserved; the change to u-u in 75 
buluma is checked up by 76 boloma of Pokau, a language intimately 
associated with Uni. In 77 blome we have the rare excision of an in- 
terior vowel, as b(o)lome, but it is indisputable that this excision 
is what has taken place; compare Barriai 8 tna in the collation of 99 
tenan. In 78 foloma we are in line with 46 foro of the simple stem, 
and in 79 woroma we find a yet further mutation along the labial series 
to the simple ease of enunciation of the semivowel. In 80 bonomo we 
find the facile r-n mutation and for a principal form refer to 72 boroma. 
The u-u of 74 burum hangs upon the other abraded form 73 borom as 
buluma hangs upon boloma. 
Here also we include for consideration class\H. ‘This differs from 
class G in that the added element is palatal—sonant mute g in go in 
81 and 84, surd mute k in ka in 82 and 85 and in kuin 83. In 81 and 
84 we have the o-o stem associated with o in the added element; 
in 83 the u—u stem associated with u in the added element; but 82 
and 85, in which stem u-—u is associated with a in the added element, 
disprove the natural suggestion of vowel coloration through influence 
of the stem. 
I have adjusted 86-87 at this point because they suggest the addition 
of a palatal ka followed by obliteration of the mute. In certain of 
the Polynesian languages this would challenge no contradiction. 
Whether it holds of these New Guinea languages which Ray classes 
as Papuan is doubtful, inasmuch as we find the k in the phonetic 
equipment of the languages. It is probably simpler to regard this 
as the assumption of a, but that is without confirmation elsewhere 
in this discussion. 
We now recur to class E, items 47-60; merely the boro stem after 
it has undergone abrasion and become the closed bor. ‘The initial 
b is found in 47-57, with nasal preface in 50, 51, and 53; p in 58-60. 
Of the succeeding liquid we have r in 47-51, 54 and 58; 1 in 52, 53, 
55-57, 59-60. The stem o is found in 47-53, 58; it changes to u in 
54-56 and 59-60; to e in 57. 
