MELANESIAN ANNOTATIONS ON THE VOCABULARY. 47 
MELANESIAN. 
1. fatu Efaté, Nguna. 27. a hat Kambangeriu. 
Ze fat Lamassa, Lambém, Ngolhon. | 28. n—hat Aneityum. 
3. fat Lauan, Nonapai, Lakure- | 29. had Bauung, Ngamat’ 
fanga, Sali, Panangai, Le- | 30. hét Lihir. 
makot, Fezoa. 31. patu Solomon Islands. 
4. fas Feis, Mogomog. 32. paté Bilibili. 
5. vatu Nggela, Vaturanga, Sesake, | 33. pato Manam. 
Bierian, Mota, Arag, Vitu, ; 34. pat Moanus. 
Sigab, Kowamerara. 35. ne-pat Aneityum. 
6. vat Mota, Belik, Lakurumau, | 36. pat Graget, Mouk. 
Munuwai, Lochagon, Ne- | 37. pat’ Kopar. 
massalang, Lawu. 38. patn Barriai. 
7. a vat Molot, Kait, Kalanga. 39. pa Dallmannhafen, Graget. 
8. ni-vat Eromanga. 40. pa Muschu. 
9. votu Tatau, Bierian. 41. batu Alu, Awa. 
Io. vot Marei, Simberi. 42. yat Kung. 
11. veto Tai. 43. at Sissano, Arop, Tsoi, Nokon. 
12. veat Volow. 44. at’ Tobadi. 
13. ve’e Alo Tegel. 45. fa’u Fagani. 
14. ve Nifilole. 46. fau Mekeo. 
15. ni-vit Malekula. 47. vau Hula, Keapara. 
16. varu Tagula. 48. veu Mugula, Suau. 
17. var Malekula. 49. hau Saa. 
18. wat Duke of York, Raluana, King. | 50. hoi-hau Ulawa. 
19. watwat Baravon, Duke of York. 51. bau Galoma. 
20. hati Hanahan. 52. daku Kiriwina. 
21. hat Bissapu, Punam, Nokon, Le- | 53. gaku Kiriwina. 
musmus. 54. vakuna Kabadi. 
22. hat Pala, Lambell. 55. veku Tubetube. 
23. hat Suralil. 56. weku Sariba. 
24. hat’ Hamatana. 57. pak Brierly Island. 
25. “hat Kalil. 58. kat Limba, Langanie. 
26. ‘hat Laur. 59. gat Limba, Langanie. 
Of the well-ordered Polynesian series only fatu, hatu, and vatu are 
established in the Melanesian languages, but we may infer the atu 
form from the occurrence (43, 44) of its immediate successors. Yet 
in Melanesia we have so complete a series of forms that we may carry 
the varieties of this stem unhesitatingly down to forms which, without 
such a suite of intermediaries, we should find it impossible to associate 
with the fatu source. Most of the variation in this list falls within 
mutation methods already quite familiar and which call for the briefest 
notice. Each unit of the stem is subjected to mutation. Initial f 
passes to its sonant v (5-17, 47-48), to the semivowel w (18, 19), 
to the aspiration h (20-30, 49-50), downward in the series from 
spirant to mute, surd p (31-40), sonant b (41, 51), to extinction 
(43-44) with a somewhat anomalous employment of the remote semi- 
vowelyin 42. The dominant vowel a is well preserved; we find muta- 
tion to e in 11-14, 48, 55-56; toiin 15; tooing, 10, 30. The muta- 
tions of t are so critical in establishing the continuity of the series 
that particular attention must be given to the support of each 
instance encountered. ‘The facile movement from surd to sonant d is 
found only in 29 had. The mutation t-s is found in 4 fas derived 
from the extra-limital Micronesian Caroline Islands. ‘This mutation 
is, however, well established in Polynesia and in Melanesia and will pass 
muster here. The mutation t-r (16-17) is not found in Polynesian; its 
