MELANESIAN ANNOTATIONS ON THE VOCABULARY. 45 
The ultimate step consists in the abrasion of the secondary nu by 
the still further loss of its vowel. We thus obtain forms in a final n, 
but in each case we arrive at them seriatim and there can be no doubt 
of their authenticity in devolution; these are 25 pén, with 26-27 
uncertainly associable, 38 han, and 29 bang with the addition of 
n-ng mutation. 
10. ar pandanus. 
REFERENCES: Melanische Wanderstrasse, 122: 11. Deutsch-Neuguinea, 210d. 
POLYNESIAN. 
fala Samoa, Tonga, Futuna. haa Marquesas. 
fara Tahiti. whara = Maori. 
faa Marquesas. vadra Viti. 
hala Hawaii. ara Mangaia. 
hara Mangareva, Rapanui. ka-hara Kapingamarangi. 
MELANESIAN. 
1. faran Lauan, Nonapai, Lakure- | 13. Ambél ‘Tanga. 
fanga. 14. war Bongu. 
2. farén Sali, Lemakot. 15. wal Tami. 
3. aférén Panangai. 16. ara Gilberts. 
4. fanda Panaras. 17. arén Avelus, Mongai. 
5. far Mortlocks. 18. arén Majum. 
6. vanda Vitu. 19. arartim Nayama-Pararas. 
7. Avédén Munuwai, Nemassalang, Fe- | 20. Anda Limba, Langanie. 
zoa, Lawu. 21. andan Lamassa. 
8. Avédin Lakurumau. 22. Oar Tumleo. 
9g. para Wuvulu, Aua. 7 aay Sér, Sissano, Vrinagol, Akur. 
10, parapara Barriai. 24. ran Bauung, Ngamat. 
Ir. pant Bilibili. 25. rén Bagail, Lossuk. 
12. baré Luf. 
Although this Melanesian series involves many obscure forms, there 
need be little difficulty in tracing out the succession. The Viti vadra 
affords an important clue. This mutation I have determined as the 
attempt by a preface of the nasal of the same series to protect and 
preserve the uvular r (Samoan Phonetics, 17 Journal of the Polyne- 
sian Society, 152). The principle of nasal support appears active in 4, 
6, I1, 13, 20, and 21. The mutation I|-d or r—d is well recognized in 
Melanesian studies and calls for no particular comment. We note 
a final n concerning which we can have no Polynesian evidence, since 
we have no record of noun substantives before the present type of 
open syllables was adopted. It is so well represented in the Melane- 
sian material that we safely regard it as a part of the original stem; 
it is found in 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 17, 18, and 21. Assuming an archetypal 
faran, we have in 1-5 a simple series of forms with f initial, in which 
4 fanda corresponds to Polynesian fala and fara. In 6, 7, 8 we find 
a series in which the initial consonant has undergone mutation to V; 
in 9, 10, and 11 to p; in 12 and 13 to b; and in 14 and 15 tow. We 
thus are led simply from an archetypal faran to 11 pant, and thence 
by ready inference to pantan or pandan, the latter being the Malay 
designation from which we have latinized pandanus, for the common 
