MELANESIAN ANNOTATIONS ON THE VOCABULARY. 89 
of languages; the less regular mutation to e and i appears only in 
Jabim in items 11 and 12. Accretion through a liquid is rare in the 
Polynesian series, being found only in Samoa and Futuna; we recog- 
nize it in Melanesia only in the single instance of 16 tara, and this 
with some hesitation, for while we may support the o-u mutation 
on the strength of 10 tu the vowel of the second syllable appears 
only this once as a. Accretion through a labial is unmistakable in 
17, 18, 22-25, and the palatal in 19-21 comes into the series as labial 
by reason of Friederici’s note that the ch has almost the f sound. In 
17 tovu we have the affiliate of Viti ndovu. 
In the aspirate forms 13-15 we may discover a transition stage in 
the direction of the forms where the accretion is but a vowel without 
consonant introduction. ‘The mutation from the labials to an aspirate 
proximate to that series is of considerable frequency; the dropping 
of the aspirate is even more frequent; thus we find a simple series 
from 17 tovu through 15 tohu to 4 and 5 tou. Thus linking items 4-9 
into the system we find progressive vowel alterations including the 
transposition in 9 tid. It is not altogether certain that the two 
forms 24 and 25 which involve the t-r mutation are derivatives from 
this stem, yet the mutation is not unknown and 18 tuf provides a 
ready point of departure. 
1o2. tur arrow. 
REFERENCE: Deutsch-Neuguinea, 131d. 
Lae Graget. | 10. ator Paup. 
2. tu Siar. 11. tatGr Tumleo, Dakur, Suén. 
3. ang-du Bogadjim. 12. tot6r Wogeo. 
4. msu Tami. 13. tét6ér Muschu. 
5. ma-t6 Tisasi. 14. tatuar Da4kiir. 
6. tun Langtub. 15. totaal Put. 
7. na-tan Kilenge. 16. tulach Nissan. 
8. tunga Kopoam. 17. toto Bawaipa. 
9g. tar Sér, Sissano, Arop, Malol. 18. doso Nupanob. 
Lacking comparable forms in Polynesia and in Indonesia, it will 
be idle to pursue this series exhaustively. The items are arranged 
in such order as has suggested itself and it might be possible to estab- 
lish one or more series of affiliates. So far as relates to these studies 
the presentation of the record suffices. In the next vocable, 104 turién 
bow, the presence of tir is unmistakable. 
105. ull breadfruit. 
REFERENCE: Melanesische Wanderstrasse, 80 (1). 
POLYNESIAN. 
ulu) Aniwa, Nuguria. kulu Rarotonga. 
‘ula Samoa. kuru Mangareva, Nuguria, Aniwa, Sika- 
uru Tahiti. iana, Kapingamarangi. 
ul Rotuma. uhu = Liuaniua. 
