CHAPTER V. 
INDONESIAN ANNOTATIONS ON THE VOCABULARY. 
The individual items brought under study in this chapter are to 
a certain extent continuous with the items of the same distinguishing 
number in the preceding collation of material. Those already familiar 
with the progress of these studies of the element of speech common 
to Polynesia, Melanesia, and Indonesia, or to various pairs of these 
three hypothetical language groups, will recognize the object of 
convenience sought to be obtained by segregating the Indonesian 
word material from the Melanesian in the examination of sources of 
origin and possible tracks of folk movement deducible therefrom. 
We continue the assumption that the Polynesian languages have 
existed more or less diffusely in Indonesia; that they have been carried, 
at least in the earlier or Proto-Samoan migration, through Melanesia, 
and have there left traces persisting as loan material within the body 
of different languages of that island region. In the preceding chapter 
we have examined the Sissano in this connection. To the support 
of this assumption, which as a hypothesis is certainly workable, we 
have amassed in earlier works of this series a considerable body of 
data which is for the most part confirmatory. 
On this assumption we continue to regard the Polynesian element 
yet traceable in various languages of Indonesia as a persistence of 
Polynesian not wholly expelled by the onward movement of the 
Malayan folk of a somewhat higher order of cultural attainment. 
We regard the persistence of Polynesian in Indonesian as differently 
conditioned from the recognizable presence of the same element in 
Melanesia. In the progress of Polynesian migrants expelled from 
the Asiatic island region they would appear as a superior race to the 
peoples of Melanesia whom they encountered on their generally 
southeastern way; they would be impressing new thoughts and new 
speech from above downward. Quite the opposite was the case in 
Indonesia. There the Malayans were the superior folk; they had 
reached the age of the smiths and the websters; they were the victors 
in combat; the persistence of Polynesian material was due to the 
retention in domestic servitude of women taken captive; the speech 
element came from below upward and was shaped to the might of the 
conquerors as a thing despised. 
The several items in this chapter add to the material in the preced- 
ing chapter the discussion of the Indonesian element necessary for 
the more complete discussion of the problems involved. In this case 
it is not necessary to repeat the citation of authorities, for that has 
been sufficiently dealt with before. 
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