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156 SISSANO. 
of baffling winds and frequent hurricanes. Taking the Nukumanu- 
Liuaniua point of departure, the easterly trade-wind would offer the 
best point of sailing for a double canoe through the critical channel 
of the southern Solomons and thence to Moiki-Moava. This is not 
proposed as a definite solution of the problem, for it is not by any 
means a simple one, but it is offered as suggesting a possible explica- 
tion in the terms of seamanship which must underlie such migration 
as this in the Pacific conducted wholly by sea and in lumbering canoes. 
Another social boundary is laid down upon the culture chart with 
considerable approach to accuracy, this being now for the first time 
possible by reason of the careful collation which the random material 
has undergone at the hands of Dr. Rivers. The theme in this instance 
is social, the fundamental character of the family unit. The regions 
lying south and west of this line are in possession of the dual society 
in which the dominant factor of sex relation is the existence of mar- 
riage classes and the principle of exogamy. ‘The area in which this 
holds embraces New Guinea and all of Melanesia. In this, as in two 
other social elements, I have suggested a subdivision of Fiji. In this 
archipelago the line of demarcation is not to be considered as possessing 
positive geographical value; such value it may no longer be possible 
to extract from the plexus of intermingled Polynesian and Melanesian 
material in Fiji. But it does seem to me advisable to utilize this 
method of directing attention upon the fact that Viti is not to be 
regarded as wholly Melanesian in its culture any more than in its 
language. Since the windward islands show linguistically and somatic- 
ally the greater proportion of Polynesian elements, far more than 
can be charged up to the recent interchanges with Tonga which we 
know to have preceded the period of European discovery history by 
only a few generations, it has been deemed satisfactory to draw these 
lines suggestive of social demarcation north and south through the 
Koro Sea in effectively the center of the archipelago. 
Apparently as an enclave within the area of the dual society there 
exists a somewhat irregularly placed region in which we find in present 
existence or readily deducible from surviving customs a social order 
characterized concurrently by the order of matrilineal descent and 
the maintenance of the social state through confraternities accom- 
panied by more or less of the mystic and magical characters. This 
enclave includes to the north that Guadalcanar and San Cristoval 
region in which we have already particularized the absence of the 
sirih culture, and approximates the area which we have just had under 
consideration as a fairway between Liuaniua and Moiki-Moava. In 
the New Hebrides complex the enclave is heavily set upon the Banks 
Group and Torres Islands, which in certain other particulars exhibit 
points of difference from the peoples of the northern New Hebrides 
with which in general they are associable. The extension of this 
