HISTORY OF THE SITE. 25 
pottery, stone implements, and ornaments of stone and carved bone... A 
wall was built around the Main Structure to protect it from the cattle roam- 
ing over the valley,’ and finally the Main Structure itself was again surveyed 
and mapped by Gordon, and data for a map of the entire valley was secured.’ 
Incidental to these latter activities, the monuments throughout the valley 
were given their final nomenclature,* and the mounds at the Main Structure 
their final numeration. 
The photographic record made by the several Peabody Museum expedi- 
tions is unusually complete, though unfortunately only a very small part of 
it has been published.®> ‘These rich repositories of new material have been 
generously placed at the writer’s disposal by Mr. C. C. Willoughby, the 
Director of the Museum, and Dr. A. M. Tozzer, Curator of Middle American 
Archeology and Ethnology. 
No review of the work of the Peabody Museum at Copan would be 
complete without some reference to the untimely death of Mr. John G. 
Owens, director of the Second Expedition. While visiting the coast to make 
arrangements for obtaining molds of the Quirigua monuments, he contracted 
a malignant fever of the country. Two days after his return to Copan he 
fell violently ill, and after a brave struggle lasting 21 days, he finally suc- 
cumbed to the disease on February 17, 1893. This tragic event has cast a 
perpetual mantle of sadness over the ruins, and standing by his simple 
grave, at the base of one of the monuments in the Great Plaza, one is deeply 
sensible of the heavy loss occasioned by his removal, and of the memory of 
a pioneer who died on the firing line.® 
The results of these several investigations at Copan may be briefly sum- 
marized as follows: Stephens first made the site generally known, Maudslay 
first began its preliminary scientific study, and finally the Peabody Museum 
first undertook its intensive investigation, the work of the last being a contin- 
uation and development of the work of the second. ‘To Stephens, Maudslay, 

1The excavations at Copan, particularly of the tombs, yielded a satisfactory return of objects. Anumber of 
different types of pottery were found, including plain, painted, incised, modeled, and even glazed wares. Beads, pen- 
dants, and ear-plugs of jadeite (or nephrite,) and shell were recovered in great numbers, many delicately carved with 
considerable skill. Obsidian and flint knives of different sizes, spear points, carved bones, and animal skulls, human 
teeth filled with jadeite, bone implements, cinnabar, pearls, and sea-shells were some of the other objects found during 
the course of the work. The collection of pottery obtained, although not large, is fairly representative, and its 
intensive study, particularly that of the dated pieces—1.¢., pieces found in the chambers underneath dated monu- 
ments—would doubtless shed much light on the history and development of Maya ceramics. 
2Unfortunately the function of this laborious construction has been directly reversed. The cattle are now 
kept inside the inclosure made by this wall instead of outside; in other words, it is now used as a corral, defeating the 
very end for which it was designed. 
3This appeared in Gordon, 1898), p. 141, and is the only map of the entire valley which has ever been published. 
4Except those discovered or named subsequent to 1895. See Appendix III for a full discussion of the nomen- 
clature of the Copan monuments. 
5The Peabody Museum has published three papers by Gordon on the work at Copan, as follows: Prehistoric 
Ruins of Copan, Honduras, Mem. Pea. Mus., vol. 1, No. 1, see Gordon, 1896; Caverns of Copan, Mem. Pea. Mus., 
vol. 1, No. 5, see Gordon, 1898); and The Hieroglyphic Stairway Ruins of Copan, Mem. Pea. Mus., vol. 1, No. 6, 
see Gordon, 1902. In addition to the foregoing, Gordon has written several other scientific and popular articles, 
see Gordon, 1898, 18984, 1899, 1902a, 19024, 1909, 1913, 1916, and 1918, and Saville has also written several 
others. See Saville, 1892, 1892a, 1894, and 1916. 
6Owens was. buried in front of the altar of Stela D in the Great Plaza. A plain flat cement monument sur- 
rounded by a rough stone wall marks the grave. When the writer and Mr. Morris were at Copan, in 1912, they 
placed a headstone in the inclosure with the following inscription: “J.G.Owens. Died February 1893. A Martyr 
to Science.” 
