CORRELATION OF MAYA AND CHRISTIAN CHRONOLOGY. 473 
the eyes closed, a name being written below each, that of Napot Xiu being at the top 
on the left. The thirteenth head, counting sinistrally from Napot Xiu, that of Ah 
Kin Chi, 1s slightly different from the others. Although the eyes are closed, an 
arrow also pierces it (see figure 73). This, Cogolludo explains as indicating that 
the life of one of the Xiu envoys, this Ah Kin Chi, was spared so that he might carry 
the tidings of the massacre back to Mani, although he was first blinded by having 
his eyes pierced with an arrow. Finally, within the circle, according to Stephens, 
is the Tree of Otzmal, where the massacre is said to have taken place. As will 
appear later under Event C, a somewhat different interpretation of this painting is 
more probable here. 
Fortunately, when Stephens was at Mani in 1841, the original was still in 
existence: 
“Albino had inquired of the cacique for the ancient relics of which we had heard ac- 
counts, and the Indians brought a copy of Cogolludo, wrapped up and treasured with great 
care in the casa real. ‘This did not astonish us much, and they opened the book, and pointed 
out a picture, the only one in it, being a representation of the murder of the ambassadors of 
Tutul Xiu; and while we were looking at it they brought out and unrolled on the floor an 
old painting on cotton cloth, being the original from which Cogolludo had the engraving 
made. ‘The design was a coat of arms, bordered with the heads of the murdered ambassa- 
dors, one of which has an arrow fixed in the temple, intended to represent the ambassador 
who had his eyes put out with this weapon. In thecenter is a tree growing out of a box, rep- 
resenting the sapote tree at Zotuta, under which the murder was committed, and which the 
Indians say is still standing. This tree I shall have occasion to mention again hereafter. 
The painting had evidently been executed by an Indian, and probably very near the time 
of the occurrence which it was intended to commemorate. Cogolludo refers to it as an 
interesting and ancient relic in his time, and, of course, it is much more so now. It is an 
object of great reverence among the Indians of Mani.’”! 
In this ancient painting we again have a native and probably contemporaneous 
source of highest credibility, and although in Cogolludo’s engraving of it the 
year 1536 is omitted, his calling attention thereto in the accompanying text as an 
error on the part of the native painter serves to associate that date with the death 
of Napot Xiu in an unusually convincing manner. 
The eighth source, Villagutierre Sotomayor’s History of the Conquest of the 
Province of the Itza, written between 1697 and 1701, contains but a single item of 
importance in the present connection; but this is no less than the direct statement 
that 1618, the year of Father Fuensalida’s visit to Tayasal, the island capital of the 
Itza in Lake Peten Itza, occurred in a Katun 3 Ahau.? 
This is particularly significant because, as will appear later, although the Itza 
had migrated from Yucatan two and a half centuries before 1697, their chronology 
was still in agreement with that prevalent in Yucatan down to and even after the 
Spanish Conquest a century and a half earlier. ‘This source also agrees with III, IV, 
IX, and XI in placing the fall of Mayapan in Katun 8 Ahau.’* 
Our remaining sources, IX, X, XI, and XII, the three u kahlay katunob and 
page 85 from the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel, may best be compared to- 
gether. All four were copied by Juan Josef Hoil of the village of Chumayel, 24 
kilometers east of Mani, about 1782. Page 81 of this manuscript shows Hoil’s 
signature and the date January 20, 1782. ‘They are doubtless redactions of much 
earlier originals now either lost or destroyed. 
The first u kahlay katunob from the Chumayel manuscript is, in the writer’s 
opinion, much the best one of the five that have come down to us, since it is the only 
one in which the sequence of the katuns is absolutely without a single lacuna from 
beginning to end—an uninterrupted series of 61 katuns from the discovery of 
1Stephens, 1843, vol. 11, pp. 260, 261. 2Villagutierre Sotomayor, 1701, pp. 83, 84, 105, 106. 3Jbid., pp. 105, 106. 
