CORRELATION OF MAYA AND CHRISTIAN CHRONOLOGY. 519 
a capstone in the East Range of the Monjas Quadrangle, both at Uxmal, and 
both somewhat earlier, I1.15.16.12.14 (1277) and 11.12.17.11.1 (1219) respectively. 
Unfortunately, we are in doubt as to the dates of the Codices Dresdensis and 
Peresianus, sO We can not determine when the year-bearers first changed from the 
Old Empire group to the middle group. Both of these codices, judged by their 
stylistic characteristics, were probably found in Yucatan, it should be remembered, 
and particularly the former may have been a later New Empire copy of an Old 
Empire original.' Forstemann believes the contemporaneous date of the Dresden 
manuscript was 9.7.16.12.0 1 Ahau 18 Zip,? and Bowditch has suggested that it was 
9.9.9.16.0 1 Ahau 18 Kayab.? The writer feels that these dates are much too 
early; and finally, there is an entry in the u kahlay katunob which may indicate 
that this change in the year-bearers took place in Yucatan in 9.17.0.0.0, and con- 
sequently that the Dresden Codex is later than this date. 
In both the Tizimin and first Chumayel chronicles occurs the following entry 
opposite the first Katun 13 Ahau after Chichen Itza is said to have been occupied: 
“Pop was then counted in order.” Under the correlation suggested here this was 
9.17.0.0.0 13 Ahau 18 Cumhu; and under that indicated by the Oxkutzcab chronicle 
it was 9.4.0.0.0 13 Ahau 18 Yax, the latter being much too early for the date of this 
change. 9.17.0.0.0, on the other hand, agrees very closely with the date of the 
foundation of Chichen Itza, and it is quite possible that the move thither caused 
some slight derangement in the calendar, so that subsequently the year-bearers were 
named Eznab, Akbal, Lamat, and Ben, and that this change is indicated in the u 
kahlay katunob by the statement that “‘Pop was then counted in order.” 
That this change of the year-bearers did not affect the positions of the days 
in the months, however, we have already seen; nor did the next change from the 
middle group of year-bearers to the last group affect any change in the month- 
positions either, judging from the single Calendar Round date, 13 Ahau 13 Cumhu, 
on page 73, b of the Codex Tro-Cortesianus. Fortunately, we are able to date this 
manuscript on stylistic grounds more closely. It is clearly very crude as compared 
with the Peresianus and Dresdensis and obviously later. 
In 1916, during the course of a visit to the ruins of Tuluum on the east coast of 
the peninsula, Gann made tracings of some mural decorations there, figures of dei- 
ties, etc. He pronounces these so like the figures in the Codex Tro-Cortesianus 
that he concludes this manuscript, if not made at Tuluum itself, comes from that 
immediate neighborhood. 
The style of architecture at Tuluum is also crude and late; and finally it seems 
to have been the only site on the east coast of Yucatan of sufficient size to answer 
to the glowing description of the large occupied city with a high tower made 
by Padre Juan Diaz, the chaplain and chronicler of the Grijalva expedition in 1518.4 
1Morley, 1915, p. 273. 2Férstemann, 1904, p. 437. 3Bowditch, 1909, p. 279. 
4“That day we left the island, called the Holy Cross [Cozumel], and went to that of Yucatan, which is at a dis- 
tance of 15 miles. When we were near the coast we saw three large villages at a distance of about 2 miles apart. 
They contained a great number of stone houses, some very high towers, and many dwellings covered with straw. 
We would have entered the village if the commander had permitted it, but he opposed it. We ran along the coast 
day and night, and the next day toward sunset we perceived a town or village so large that Seville would not have 
appeared more considerable or better: one saw a very large tower, there was a crowd of Indians on the shore, who 
carried two standards, which they raised and lowered to make a sign to us to come to them; the commander did 
not wish it. The same day we arrived at a beach near which was a tower, the highest we had seen; one saw here 
quite a large town or village; the country was watered by many rivers; we discovered a bay where a whole fleet 
could have entered [Ascencién Bay]. It was surrounded by wooden dwellings made by the fishermen; the com- 
mander was going to disembark there. It was utterly impossible for us to follow the coast, and to advance 
farther; we raised sail and returned whither we had entered.” (Ternaux-Compans, 1838, pp. 10-12). For other 
descriptions of Tuluum, see Stephens, 1843, vol. 11, pp. 385-409; Howe, 1911, pp. 539-550; Morley, 1916, pp. 338, 
339; 1bid., 1917, pp. 190-204; ibid, 19184, pp. 274, 275. 
