APPENDIX VIII. 
LIST OF MONUMENTS MARKING THE HOTUN-ENDINGS DURING THE OLD 
EMPIRE. 
This Appendix contains a list of all known hotun-markers, including those at 
Copan; it is, in short, a concordance of all the examples of this type of Maya monu- 
ment now known, and has been frequently cited in the synoptic headings in Chapters 
IT, ILI, and IV for purposes of comparison. The writer believes it to be as complete 
as it is now possible to make it, although future investigation, particularly explora- 
tion in the two regions mentioned on page 439, 1. ¢., the eastern part of the State 
of Chiapas, Mexico, and the northern part of the Department of Peten, Guatemala, 
will doubtless greatly amplify it. Such exploration will certainly lead to the dis- 
covery of additional inscriptions from the Middle and Great Periods, while exca- 
vation, particularly at Uaxactun, Tikal, and other sites in the immediate vicinity, 
may be as confidently depended upon to yield additional texts, although fewer in 
number, dating from the Early Period. 
The writer finds 165 different inscriptions on stelz, altars, lintels, hieroglyphic 
steps and stairways, piers, tablets, and cornices which may now be included in 
this list of hotun-markers. Of these, 134 are surely deciphered as given, 21 prob- 
ably so, and 10 very doubtfully so. Possibly as high as 150, and certainly not lower 
than 140, may be accepted as correctly deciphered. Of these 165 texts, the con- 
temporaneous dates are declared by Initial Series in 72 cases (44 per cent.) and by 
Period Endings in 93 cases (56 per cent.). 
The data pertaining to these texts are presented as follows: The successive 
hotun-endings from 9.0.0.0.0 to 10.6.10.0.0 appear in the first column. In the 
second column are given the names of the sites at which the corresponding monu- 
ments in the third column are found. The nature of the contemporaneous dates, 
1. €.. whether they are expressed by Initial Series or Period Endings, is given in the 
fourth column. When there are no monuments dating from any given hotun- 
ending, the last three columns for that particular hotun have no entries, as, for 
example, the first two hotun-endings in the list. 
In some cases hotun-endings are recorded as secondary dates on monuments, 
but not as their contemporaneous dates, as for example, 9.0.0.0.0, the first hotun- 
ending in the list, which appears on several monuments, but nowhere as a contem- 
poraneous date. It is obvious that no monuments can be referred to any given 
hotun-ending on such a basis, but in these cases a note indicates on what monu- 
ments such secondary non-contemporaneous dates have been found. 
Dates probably, but not surely, correctly deciphered are indicated by a single 
interrogation point, thus (?), after the name of the corresponding monument in the 
third column, and dates very doubtfully deciphered, by the double interrogation 
point, thus (??). 
The natural growth and expansion of the Old Empire civilization is clearly 
indicated in the following table. At first the hotun-markers are few and scattering, 
and, in fact, so continue until the close of the Early Period. Beginning with the 
Middle Period, however, they become more frequent and regular, increasing in these 
respects until the height of the Great Period, when the katun ending on 9.18.0.0.0 
was commemorated at no less than nine different cities. After this latter date they 
decrease in frequency, ceasing temporarily between 9.19.15.0.0 and 10.0.15.0.0 
inclusive, and finally (so far as the Old Empire was concerned) after 10.2.0.0.0. 
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