68 EGYPTOLOGICAL RESEARCHES. 
THE BAD TIMES DURING THE REBELLION—continued. 
HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT. DEMOTIC TEXT. 
C2)r wn it b‘r ’mty Fnt(i)(?) n—m-w(?) ’r’r(?)® hit) n 
who had caused ?] fighting(?), instigating? war? within | blaspheming(?) them(?),” having acted as leader of 
9c 7e 
Kmt, twt ‘wny|wt on ms‘(?) bks® hn t} Kmy | ’r(?) 
Egypt, gathering insolent people of the soldiers(?) rebellion in Egypt having 
m  w(?)[h3|(w)i-nb hr(?) bt;(?)[w]-sn 
from(?) all districts® on account of(?) their crimes(?) 

1 This meaning of the root wf, which usually signifies ‘to be glad,’ seems to occur only here. As noun, it is 
rendered by emlah: ‘war, fight, battle’? (9b demot. 4b?), cp.56. Is it the same word as old wnp, Naville, 
Deir el B. 57, 10, wnpw-t m Thnw: “thou (fem.) fightest (?) in the Libyan land’’? 
? Or rather: “leading war, being leader in war.’’ ‘The verb §} (with a weak third radical, appearing as w or y; 
in Neo-Egyptian style also as ’w) has not been correctly understood, Brugsch, Dict., 1424, Suppl., 1218. Better 
Maspero, Etudes Egypt. 25. It is often a synonym of wzy-: “to order, to command;’’ LD. III, 29a, both verbs are 
connected, likewise RI H. 169=Mar. Karn. 15, 25; connected with another synonym, shnw n Sy, Ostracon 
Florence (AZ. 1880; 98 = Rec. Trav. 3,5). It is amore solemn word, therefore used principally of the decrees of the 
highest authority, of the decreeing god (Stabl Antar 11, DH I, Il, 46,4=RI H 139, LD. III, 240, Senuhyt 126), 
whence the god Say (Greek Psais): ‘destiny, fate.” Or it is used at least of the king decreeing specially important 
resolutions, principally large constructions, Rec. Trav. 7, 128, Mar. Karn. 12, 5 and 8; 15,15=R I H. 166; ibid., 
150; Mar. Abyd. II, 7, LD. III, 24n; s; 72; Berlin Pap. 29 (AZ. 74), I 4; 8; II, 13; Siut-Rifeh IV, 56; of the very 
highest authority, Senuhyt 51. ‘Therefore LD. II, 149 ’w §;-ny bkw must be understood in passive sense: “works 
were charged tome.” ‘This dative is, therefore, expressed more solemnly by m—lr, see Maspero-Brugsch: “‘not did 
I forget what was ordered to me,” a phrase in which we find also fr ‘‘to,’’ Louvre C. 55; even n-tp—hr is employed, 
Senuhyt 121. Of the “imposing” of regularly returning work, LD. II, 122, 13 (Ameni); of imposed socage Harris 
12a, 1b, 9; 32, 7, etc., of taxes (ibid., passim, D H I, II, 42, 10, PS B A. 1887, 42), of a time, Anast. VIII, 5, 3, 3. 
See also Mar. Abyd. II, 30, 35; Prisse 14, 12, AZ. 1880, 49, D H I, 7, Louvre C 167. ‘“To appoint (an official to, 
r, a position’), Pap. Turin 17, 5; Pithomstela, 2, Pap. Salt rev. 2, 1. In evil sense as here, it is rare; see the 
great inscription of Har-em-heb in my Egyptol. Researches I, 59, fragm. 15 and cp. pl. 91, 1. 14 “the insolent people 
(‘wnw, as above)-who instigated acts of insolence (s}spw-n—‘wn) in the land;’ with a living object, LD. III, 12d, 
19, of a rebel: “‘he instigated his lot of companions’’ (S;w-f hbsw-f, a rather obscure passage). Thus the above 
usage remains peculiar, like so many expression; of our text. 
’ In Latin this would be rendered by concitans Martem, i. e., with a poetical use of the name of the Semitic war 
god, Ba‘al=“‘war, battle,” like Latin Mars or Greek Ares for “war’’ in poetical style. 
4 The determinative of the sparrow partly visible. 
° The apparent absence of the bow and of the plural signs make this seductive reading difficult, it is true, but 
it seems to be parallel to Ros. hierogl. 1. 
° The first seeming w may be secondary. We might try to read a preposition composite with m-, like m—hn(t) 
“from within.” ‘The following feminine noun in the plural, however, can not well be anything else but whwi, 
whjwt ‘tribes,’ which often is used poetically for ‘districts, written with the stick as ideogram (as Pap. Harris I).” 
’'The first group certainly is sx, snty in the sense: ‘‘to offend, to curse, to blaspheme”’ in the “‘ Negative Con- 
fession”’ of the Book of the Dead (ed. Naville, 125, 29, 35, 36), etc. The —?(7) is here, in a remarkable way, separated 
from the root, showing that the writer knew well the original form of the root to have been sn, Sny. Under this 
primitive form appear both the meaning ‘‘to conjure,’ most akin to the above sense, and “‘to quarrel,” while they 
seem to have been separated, in Coptic, as $ine and Sont. Some may find this distinction here in st and may trans- 
late ‘‘who quarrelled with them, strove against them, but’’; I prefer the meaning intermediate between both devel- 
opments. (The Paris ‘Chronicle’ (ed. Spiegelberg), has, pl. vira, 1. 1, a similar group which the editor compares 
with sn: ‘“‘to exclude, to keep back.’’ The lack of a coherent context makes this comparison quite uncertain, as 
well as that with the verb of our Phil passage.) The object (7)—’m-—w “them”’ has been disfigured by the engraver. 
° The first ’r could be explained as the sign of the perfect participle, but more likely we have simply an erro- 
neous repetition. 
* Demotic Chronicle of Paris 3, 7, bgs. Spiegelberg (Gloss. No. 78), connects this with the older ba—ga-—sa of 
the Dakhel-stela (Rec. Trav. 21, 14) “confusion” or “‘rebellion.”” Whether this be developed from the older word 
bgs ‘“‘to be sad” (Spiegelberg, 1. 1. 19) or not, our spelling bks seems to treat the g erroneously as merely assimilated 
to the sonant letter 6 from original k; it is evidently the same word as above. 


