20 EARLY GREEK GAMES AND PRIZES. 
this for games held in Achaia and Arkadia;' and it continued to be used 
in later times, as, ¢. g., at the Panathenaia, where a hydria of bronze 
was a prize in the torch-race.” At the lesser games all sorts of articles 
were offered, merely for their value. Thus a shield was offered at the 
Argive Heraia,*® a bowl at the games in honor of Aiakos on Aegina,’ sil- 
ver cups at the Marathonian Herakleia® and at the Sikyonian Pythia,’ a 
cloak at Pellene,’ apparently a cuirass at Argos,® and jars of oil from 
sacred trees at the Panathenaia.® A kettle is mentioned in the Anthol- 
ogy;'’ an inscribed cauldron from Cumae, which was a prize at the 
games there in honor of Onomastos, is in the British Museum," while 
measures of barley and corn were prizes at the Eleusinia.’ While 
presents of value continued to be given at the local games," a simple 
wreath of leaves gradually came to be the prize offered the victor at the 
great national festivals. Pausanias™ says that this wascomposed of wild 
olive (kérivos) at Olympia, of laurel (6a¢vn) at Delphi, of pine (rirus) 
at the Isthmus, and of celery (aéXvvov) at Nemea. Phlegon says that the 
olive wreath was first used by Iphitos in Ol. 7 (=752 B.C.), when it was 
given to the Messenian runner Daikles,!° and that for the preceding 
Olympiads there was no crown.!® Probably before that date tripods 
and other articles of value were the prizes at Olympia, as we know they 
were elsewhere. Pausanias says that the wild olive came from the land 
of the Hyperboreans.!’ Pindar calls it merely olive (€X\ata), and not __ 
wild olive.’ The Athenian tradition was that the olive which Herakles 
planted at Olympia was a shoot of a sacred tree which grew on the 
banks of the Ilissosin Attica.!® Phlegon also says that the first crown 
came from Attika. In later days the Olympic wreaths were cut from 
the “Olive of the Faircrown’’;”’ its branches were cut with a golden 
sickle by a boy whose parents must be living;?! it grew at Olympia in a 

1Nem., X, 45 f.; cf. schol. on Ol., VII, 153, Boeckh, pp. 180-1. 
2C. I. A., I, 2, 965. On the value of bronze, cf. Reisch, p. 6. 
3Schol. on Pindar, O/., VII, 152, Boeckh, p. 180. 
4Tbid., Ol., VII, 156, Boeckh, p. 181. 
5Pindar, Ol., 1X, 89-90. ST bid., Nem., 1X, 51; X, 43 f. 
7Ibid., Nem., X, 44; schol. on Ol., XIII, 155 and VII, 156, Boeckh, pp. 288 and 156, and 
Explic. ad Olymp., IX, 102, p. 194. 8G TA A ee ae 
%Schol. on Pindar, Nem., X, 64, Boeckh, p. 504; cf. C. I. 4., II, 2, 965. 
104,G., XIII, 8. - UY, G. A4., 525; B. M. Bronzes, 257. 
For many of these examples, see Reisch, pp. 57 f. (and notes), and Rouse, pp. 150-1. 
13At the Panathenaia a golden crown was given the victorious harpist, a hydria to the torch- 
racer, and an ox to the victor in the pyrrhic chorus: C. J. 4., II, 2, 965. Weapons were given at 
Delos: C. I. G., II, 2360; a golden crown was given at the Pythian games in Delphi to the city 
which furnished the finest sacrificial ox: Xenophon, Hell., IV, 4.9; here also golden crowns and 
arms were presented for soldiers’ contests: Xenophon, ibid., IIJ, 4.8 and IV, 2.7. 
UVITI, 48.2. 15Foerster, 7. Frag. , (=F. H. G., III, p. 604). 
WV, 7.7; cf Pindar, Ol., III, 24 f. 18Q/., III, 13 f. 
19Pseudo-Anristot., de mirab. Auscult., 51; schol. on Aristoph., Plutus, 586; Suidas, s. v. xorivov 
oTEpavy. 
20P., V, 15.3; cf. Theophrastos, Hist. Plant., IV, 13, 2; Pliny, H. N., XVI, 240. 
*1Schol. on Pindar, Ol., III, 60, Boeckh, p. 102. 
