HONORS PAID TO VICTORS BY THEIR NATIVE CITIES. 33 
inscription that the Panathenaic victors in the stade-race received 50 
amphore of oil, the pancratiast 40, and others 30.!_ Later, in Rome, 
victors had special privileges granted them, including maintenance 
at the public expense, a privilege which Maecenas advised the emperor 
Augustus to limit to victors at Olympia, Delphi, and Rome.? Augustus 
in other ways enlarged the privileges of athletes.2 When we consider 
the intimate connection between religion and athletics and the Pan- 
hellenic fame of a victor at the great games, we can easily understand 
the indignation of the native town when its athletes did anything dis- 
honorable. Sometimes a victor was bribed to appear as the citizen of 
some_other state. Thus Astylos’ of Kroton;~who.-won~in~ running 
races in Ols. 73-76 (=488-476 B.C.), had Lineal proclaimed 1 in his last 
two contests a Syracusan to please King Hiero. The citizens of his 
native town burned his house and pulled down his statue, which had 
been placed there in the temple of Hera.’ The Cretan Sotades, who 
won the long running race in Ol. 99 (=384 B.C.), was bribed at the next 
Olympiad by the city of Ephesos to proclaim himself an Ephesian, and 
was in consequence exiled.’ Dikon, a victor in running races at the 
beginning of the fourth century B.C., proclaimed himself first a citi- 
zen of Kaulonia, but later, “for a sum of money,” entered the men’s 
contest as a Syracusan.° Sometimes-such.attempts at bribery proved 
unsuccessful. Thus the father of the boy boxer Antipatros of Miletos, 
who won in OI.98 (= 388 B.C.), accepted a bribe from some Syracusans, 
who were bringing an offering to Olympia from Dionysios, to let the 
boy be proclaimed a Syracusan. But the boy himself refused the 
bribe and had inscribed on his statue by the younger Polykleitos that 
he was a Milesian, the first Ionian to dedicate a statue at Olympia.’ 
The Spartan chariot victor Lichas has already been mentioned as 
having entered his chariot in the name of Thebes. ‘The reason was 
that at the time the Spartans were excluded from entering the games at 
Olympia. He won, and in his excitement tied a ribbon on his charioteer 
with his own hands, thereby showing that the horses belonged to him 
and not to Thebes. For this infraction of the rules he, though an aged 
man, was punished by the umpires by scourging.* A more disgraeeful— 
act was selling out, of which we have two examples_ at Olympia. The 
Thessalian Eupolos bribed his three adversaries in boxing to let him win. 
All four were fined and from the money six bronze statues of Zeus, 
known as Zanes, were erected at the entrance to the stadion, inscribed 
with elegiac verses which warned future athletes against repeating such 
Mei Pads. b, 25965. 2Dio Cassius, LIT, 30, 5-6. 
$Suet., Octav., 45; cf. Gardiner, pp. 174-5. 
4P., VI, 13.1; Afr.; Hyde, 110; Foerster, 176-7, 181-2, 187-8. 
5P., VI, 18.6; Hyde, 186; Foerster, 317, 323. 
6P., VI, 3.11; Afr.; Hyde, 33; Foerster, 307, 315, 316. 
P., VI, 2.6- cf vide. 16; Taemeen 309. 
sp, VI, 2.2-3; Thukyd., V, 49-50; Krause, Olympia, p. 144. 
