40 EARLY GREEK GAMES AND PRIZES. 
nally all victor statues at Olympia were as truly votive as equestrian 
groups, and as truly as those athlete statues continued to be, which were 
dedicated in the victors’ native towns. ‘Those inscribed with avéOyxe at 
Olympia must have been votive, for we should take the dedicator at his 
word, instead of believing the formula to be added merely to make the 
verse scan.! / There is no reason why an athlete should not dedicate 
a statue of himself, representing himself as forever standing in the pres- 
ence of the god, as well as a diskos or jumping-weights; for it was cus- 
tomary to make votive offerings representative of the events, and this 
could be done best by presenting the athlete in a statue which showed 
the characteristic attitude or the appropriate attributes.} Rouse fur- 
thermore believes that a change was slowly wrought in the course of 
centuries, by which the original votive offering became a means of 
- self-glorification. Equestrian victors owed their victories not to them- 
selves, but to their horses, cars, drivers, and jockeys; in such cases the 
group was a thing apart from the owner, | Only seldom did such vic- 
tors dedicate statues of themselves alone.) Even when the victor added 
a statue of himself to the group, still it/was the chariot and not the 
statue which was emphasized.?_ On the other hand the ordinary gym- 
nic victor relied on himself-—on_ his strength, endurance, courage, and 
other qualities; and in representing the contest the victor himself had 
to be represented. ( , by the fifth century B.C., if not 
earlier, the statues of athletes had become memorials of personal glory. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEMORIALS TO VICTORS. 
~ A statue was not the only memorial erected in honor of an Olympic 
victor, though it was by far the commonest. We have already men- 
tioned the bronze inscribed diskos dedicated by the pentathlete P. 
Asklepiades in the third century-A-b.° A-greenstone leaping-weight 
inscribed with the name Kwéias appears to have been dedicated 
by a victor.4 In two cases stele were set up in honor of victors.6 A 
1Both Reisch, p. 36, and Dittenberger, op. cit., p. 240, agree also in opposing Furtwaengler’s 
Versnoth explanation. 
2Thus Pausanias mentions the “chariot, horses, charioteer and Kyniska herself”: VI, 1.6. 
Again he speaks of the “chariot and statue of Gelo”’: VI, 9.4-5; in referring to the chariot of 
Kleosthenes by Hagelaidas he says: ‘‘Along with the statue of the chariot and horses, he [Kleos 
thenes] dedicated statues of himself and the charioteer,’’ and even adds the names of the horses: 
VI, 10.6. In VI, 18.1, he mentions the group of Kratisthenes as “the chariot, Nike mounting it, 
and Kratisthenes’’; in VI, 16.6 he speaks of “‘a small chariot and figure of the father of Polypeithes, 
the wrestler Kalliteles”; etc. Cf. Dittenberger, op. cit., pp. 239-40. 
3He won in Ol. 255 (=241 A. D.): Foerster, 739: Inschr. v. Ol., 241. 
4No dedication, however, is inscribed on it: J. G. 4., 160; Bronz. v. Ol., on no. 1101, p. 180. 
’Chionis, a famous runner from Sparta, had a tablet, which listed his victories, set up beside 
his statue at Olympia: P., VI, 13.2; he wonin Ols. 28-31 (= 668-656 B. C.): Hyde, 111; Foerster, 
39, 41-46. His statue was erected long after his death, in Ol. 77 or 78, and so probably the | 
stele also: Hyde, p. 48. Deinosthenes, who won the stade-race in Ol. 116 (=316 B. C.), had a 
slab set up beside his statue at Olympia, on which was inscribed the distance between it and a 
similar one in Sparta: P., VI, 16.8; Afr.; Hyde, 163; Foerster, 403. 
