NUDITY OF VICTOR STATUES. 49 
from crossing the Alpheios during the festival at Olympia.? They 
were allowed, however, to enter horses for the chariot-race and, if 
victorious, to set up monuments.‘ Only one woman was allowed to 
witness the games, the priestess of the old earth cult of Demeter 
Chamyne, who could sit at the altar in the stadion during the contests.° 
Pausanias notes but one exception of a woman infringing the rule of 
admission, Pherenike, the mother of the Rhodian victor Peisirhodos 
already mentioned. She was pardoned because her father, brothers, 
and son were victors, but the umpires passed a law that thereafter 
even trainers should be nude.® While excluded from the games proper, 
women had their own festival at Olympia in honor of Hera, which 
was known as the Heraia. These games occurred every four years? 
and included a foot-race between virgins, in which the course 
was one-sixth less than the stadion. ‘The victress received an olive 
crown and also a share of the cow sacrificed to Hera, and was : 
allowed to set up a painted picture of herself in the Heraion.® 
It has been generally assumed that the statue of a girl runner in 
the Galleria dei Candelabri of the Vatican represents one of these 
victresses (Plate 2),’ since Pausanias says they ran with their hair 
1At Ephesos in Thukydides’ day: III, 104; earlier on Delos: Thukyd., ibid., and Homeric Hymn 
to the Delian Apollo, 146 f. Maidens and youths wrestled in the gymnasia on Chios: 
Athenzus, XIII, 20 (p. 566 e.); cf. Boeckh, C. J. G., II, text to no. 2214. 
2On athletic contests for women in Sparta, see Plutarch, Lykourgos, 14; Xen., de Rep. lac., 
I, 4. Aristoph., Lysistr., 80 f., says that the beauty and color of the Lakonian woman Lampito 
came from gymnastic exercises. 
3P., V, 6.7. He says that those who broke the Elean rule were thrown from Mount Typaion 
(a rock south of the river). Their exclusion was doubtless due to a religious taboo and not to 
modesty; Gardiner, p. 47. P., VI, 20.9, says that the restriction did not include maidens. As 
there is no other reference about unmarried girls at Olympia, it 1s probable that girls were 
not admitted; cf. Krause, Olympia, p. 54 and n. 9. 
4F. g., Kyniska, P., VI, 1.6, and other Spartan victresses, III, 8.1; Euryleonis, who won 
in a two-horse chariot-race in Ol. (?) 103 (=368 B. C.): P., III, 17.6; Foerster, 344; Belistiche, 
mistress of Ptolemy Philadelphus, was the first to win cvvwpidt toHdAwv in Ol. 129 (=264 B. C.): 
P., V, 8.11; Foerster, 443; Theodota, daughter of the Elean Antiphanes, won dpyare twAtK@ in 
the first century B. C.: Inschr. v. Ol., 203; Foerster, 547. 
5P., VI, 20.9. The inscribed marble base of a statue of one of these priestesses has been found 
at Olympia: see Inschr. v. Ol., 485. 6See P., V, 6.7-8. 
7However, we do not know if they were held in the same year as that of the Olympic festival, or 
at what time of the year. See L. Weniger, Klio, Beitraege zur alten Geschichte, V, 1905, pp. 22 f. 
8P., V, 162.-4. These rivaxes were probably iconic (portrait) paintings. Holes have been 
found on columns of the Heraion to which they may have been attached. On the girls’ race, 
see B. B., text to no. 521 (Arndt). 
It is a marble copy of an original bronze which is generally dated about 470 B. C., because 
of archaic reminiscences inthe head. It represents a girl of about 14 years. See Helbig, Fuehrer, I, 
no. 364; Guide, 378, and references; F. W., 213; Bulle, pp. 304 f. Overbeck, II, p. 475, refers it 
to the school of Pasiteles. It is pictured in B. B., no. 521; Bulle, 142; Baum., III, p. 2111, fig. 
2362; Springer-Michaelis, p. 224, fig. 412; von Mach, 73; Amelung, Museums of Rome, I, fig. 74; 
Reinach, Rép., 1, 527.6; Clarac, Pl. 864, 2199. A similar statue is the torso in Berlin: Beschr. 
der Skulpt., no. 229; and cf. Kekulé, Annali, XXXVI, 1865, p. 66 (who points out the resem- 
blance of the head of the Vatican statue to that of the figure by Stephanos, Pl. 12); Clarac, 
Pl. 864, 2200. The height of the Vatican statue is given by Bulle as 1.56 meters. Cf. also a 
statuette of a similar girl runner from Dodona: Rayet, I, Pl. 17, 3. 
