THE ATHLETIC HAIR-FASHION. 51 
his long hair,! and doubtless the contestants at the games of Patroklos 
in the Iliad had long hair. Long hair was worn by some Athenians 
throughout Athenian history. From the end of the fifth century B.C., 
long hair was regarded as a mark of effeminacy” and was regularly 
worn only by the knights.? Short hair was worn as a sign of mourning 
in Athens from early days down.? Only the slaves regularly wore 
very short hair in the fifth century B.C.5 The change to short hair 
in Athens was certainly due to the influence of the palestra and to 
athletics in general. We see just the opposite custom in vogue in 
Sparta. ‘There, according to the code of Lykourgos,’ men were com- 
pelled to wear long hair and children short hair. Thus the heroes of 
Leonidas entered the battle of Thermopyle after combing their long 
locks. After the Persian wars only children and men with laconizing 
or aristocratic sympathies” wore their hair long at Athens. When 
boys arrived at the age of éfyBou, they had their hair cut at the feast 
of the oivistrnpia’® and dedicated it to a god.!! Soon after the Per- 
sian war period, athletes wore their hair short. Before that time, the 
wearing of long hair had already been discarded for obvious reasons in 
wrestling.’ Similarly, in boxing and the pankration long hair was 
in the way, and was therefore early braided into two long plaits 
which were wound around the head in a peculiar way and tied into a 
knot at the top, the so-called Attic kpwGtdos, the oftenest mentioned 
manner of dressing the hair in Greek literature.’ The oldest notice 


1Cf. the recurring epithet of Homer, xapy KoMOwYT €s ’Axaior; Helbig, Das homerische Epos?, 
p. 236, n. 3; for examples of long hair in the epic, zbid., pp. 236 f. That the Homeric hair fell 
Hes over he shoulders and not in any conventional order has been proved against Helbig by 
H. Hofmann, Jd. f. cl. Philol., Supplbd., XXVI, 1900, pp. 182 f. 
2Eurip., Bacchae, 455; Aristotle, de Physiogn., 3, p. 38; pseudo-Phokylides, 212. 
3Aristoph., Equit., 580 and cf. 1121; Nudes, 14; Lysistrata, 561; etc. 
4Od., IV, 198; Euripides, dlkestis, 818-19; Aristoph., Plut.,572; Plato, Phaedo, 89C; Athen- 
wus, 0), 16 (p..075 a); Hdt., I, 82; etc. 5Aristoph., Aves, 911. 
6Ph., Imag., II, 32; Lucian, Dial. meretr.,. V, 3 (p. 290); etc. 
7™Xen., de Rep. lac., Ch. XI, 3; cf. Plut., Apothegm. reg. et imperat., p. 754; and see Aristotle, 
Rhet., I, 9, p. 1397 a, 28; Plut., Lysandros, I; Lykourgos, 22; etc. 8Hdt., VII, 208. 
9Aristoph., Aves, 1281-2: Lysias, XVI, 18; Lucian, Auctio vitarum, 2 (Pythagoreans). 
10Pollux, VI, 3.22; VIII, 9.107; Athenzus, XI, 88 (p. 494 f.): Hesychios, 5. v. xovpedris and 
owornpta; Photius, Lex., p. 321. 
UAischyl., Choeph., 6; P., I, 37. 3; at Delphi, Dio Chrys., Or; XXXV, p. 67 R. 
2Eurip., Bacchae, 455. 
13K pwBbdos and KépuuBos are etymologically the same word: see Prellwitz, Htymolog. Woerterbuch 
d. griech. Sprache. It used to be assumed that xépupfos referred to the similar coiffure of young 
gitls. On the xpwBiros, see the following: K.O. Mueller, of. cit.’, p. 476, 5; 1d., Die Dorier, II, 266; 
Conze, Nuove memorie dell’ instituto archeol., pp. 408 f.; Helbig, Comment. philolog. in honorem 
Mommseni, 1877, pp. 616f., and Rhein. Mus., XX XIV, 1879, pp. 484f.; Schreiber, Der altattische 
Krobylos, 4. M., VIII, 1883, pp. 246-273, and Pls. XI., XII.; d., 1X, 1884, pp. 232-254 and Pls. 
TX, X>. and ae him, Perrot-Chipiez, VIII, p. 644, Collenon I, p. 363, and de Villefosse, Mon. 
Piot, I, 1894, p. 62; Klein, Gesch. d. gr. Kunst, I, p. 255; Said ones key peek und Tettiges, 
Jb., XI, 1896, pp. 248-291. Pauly-Wissowa, /. c., pp. 2120 f.: Dar.-Sagl., I, 2. pp. 1357-59 and 
1571; etc. That the term xpwBbdos represented a way of wearing the hair and not a part of the 
hair has been proved by Hauser: Jh. oest. arch. Inst., 1906, Beiblatt, pp. 87 f. On other methods 
of dressing the hair, see Pauly-Wissowa, J. c., pp. 2112 f 
U. OF thin LIB. 
