52 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTOR STATUES AT OLYMPIA. 
of this style of wearing the hair 1s found in a fragment of Asios.!._ Hera- 
kleides Ponticus” says it was used up to the time of the Persian wars. 
The locus classicus 1s in Thukydides, who says it was worn in his day by 
old people only.? Earlier young men wore it,‘ but it went out of fashion 
between 470 and 460 B.C. In this connection we should mention 
that the professional athlete under the Roman Empire wore his 
hair uncut and tied up in an unsightly topknot known as the cirrus.° 
The monumental evidence bears out the literary. ‘Thus, on old 
Corinthian clay tablets freemen are represented with long hair, while 
slaves have short hair. Hydrias from Caere (Cerveteri) and paintings 
from Klazomenai show that the Ionians wore their hair short for the 
first time in the sixth century B. C., the custom not becoming general 
until the fifth. Older Spartan monuments represent the hair long.’ 
Attic vases show long hair on men until the second half of the sixth 
century B.C., when the black-figured vase masters began to represent 
them with short hair, a custom becoming general in the first half of the 
fifth. In statuary the Diskobolos of Myron (Pls. 21, 26, and Figs. 34, 35) 
has short hair, and most statues of athletes before it have long hair, 
while most after it have short. Before the time of the Diskobolos, b.-f. 
and early r.-f. vase-painters often represented athletes with braided hair 
in the fashion of the warriors on the Aegina pediments. When short 
hair began to be used on athlete statues, these older braids were often 
replaced by victor bands.* We may roughly summarize by saying 
that statues before the date of the Diskobolos which do not have long 
hair are probably those of athletes and not of gods, and, in any case, 
if they have braids bound up in the fashion of the xpwGtdos, they are 
almost always statues of athletes.’ As for short hair on representa- 
tions of gods, Furtwaengler has shown that it appears only after the 
middle of the fifth century B. C.1’. Prior to that date the hair of divin- 
ities fell over the neck and shoulders in curls, as in the statue of the 
Olympian Zeus by Pheidias. By the time of Perikles, however, short 
curly hair reached only to the nape of the neck on statues of Zeus, 

14, Athen., XII, 30 (p. 525). "Ibid:, 5 (p. SiZ er 
3], 6; cf. Aristophanes, Nube;, 984 and schol.; Equzt., 1331. 
4See fragm. of Nikolaos of Damascus, (perhaps from the Lydiaka of Xanthos), F. H. G., III, 
395, fragm. 62. 
5See Krause, p. 541, n. 6. 
6See Ant. Denkm.,-I, 1886, Pl. VIII, 3 b; ete. 
7See hero reliefs in 4. M., II, 1877, Pls. XX-XXV. On early Corinthian vases, men are 
represented regularly with loge hair. 
8. g., on the bust of Apollo in the Glyptothek, Munich: von Mach, 449 (left); on the bearded 
man (Dionysos?) in the British Museum: 7d., 450 (right); and on the Apollo of Naples: zd., 448: 
On the latter head the narrow band of the former two examples has become very broad. 
9C'f..Waldstein, of. cit., p. 177. 
10M/w., pp. 67 (on statues of Zeus, hair reaching the shoulders, a style later becoming typical 
of that god); p. 407 (the Argive school gave short hair to heads of Zeus); Mp., pp. 42 and 
118; tiie, Paes ot 
= 
