ICONIC AND ANICONIC STATUES. 55 
neither the recovered epigram nor Pausanias indicates anything about 
this victor being a rpico\vpmcovixns, and consequently he appears 
not to have merited a portrait statue.! Pliny’s statement can be 
explained in many ways: it may be apocryphal, or different usages 
may have fitted different periods; or the rule may have held good only 
for gymnic victors and not for equestrian ones, which, being strictly 
votive in character, may not have been restricted to its operation.” 
PoRTRAIT STATUES. 
Pausanias mentions the monuments of several victors at Olympia 
who were entitled to portrait statues on the strength of Pliny’s rule, 
though we have no indication that they were so honored. Thus he 
mentions the statues of Dikon,® Sostratos,? Philinos,®> and Gorgos.® 
The early fifth-century boxer Euthymos’ also won three victories, but 
at a time before we should expect a portrait statue. The Periegete also 
mentions several victors who won three or more times, though he does 
not say that they had any statues, portrait or otherwise.’ Percy Gard- 
ner? has shown how erroneous 1s the prevailing view that the Greeks 
neglected portraiture in their art and left it for the Romans to develop. 
He shows that Greek artists of the third and second centuries B. C. 
left a great many portraits of the highest artistic value and that por- 
traits of Romans before the time of Augustus, and the best Roman 
examples during the Empire, were made by Greek sculptors. The 
1Dittenberger, Jnschr. v. Ol., p. 296, compares two other inscriptions with no. 170, viz, no. 
174 (in which the words 46 ords occur) and C.J.G.G. S., 1, 2470, 1. 3 (where the words rolas éx 
mpoBovas occur). However, as he says, these two refer to the poses of the statues of gymnic 
victors and not to portraits. Pausanias frequently uses the word elxay for avdprds (e. g., III, 
18.7) of a victor, but this seems to be no indication of a portrait statue. 
2Cf. Dittenberger, op. cit., p. 296. Hitz.-Bluemn., II, 2, p. 530, think the case of Xenom- 
brotos may simply be exceptional. 
3VI, 3.11-12; he was three times victor in running races in Ols. (?) 95, (?) 97, and 99 
(=400, 392, 384 B. C.); the latter date is attested by Afr.: Hyde, 33; Foerster, 307, 315, 316. 
For the epigram on the base of one of these statues, see 4. G., XIII, 15. 
4VT, 4.1; he was three times victor in the pankration in Ols. 104, (?) 105, (?) 106 ( =364-356 
B. C.): Hyde, 37; Foerster, 349, 353, 359. 
5VI, 17.2; he was thrice victor in running races in Ols. 129, 130 (=264, 260 B. C.) Afr.; 
Hyde, 173; Foerster, 440-2, 444-5. 
6VI, 15.9; he was four times victor in the pankration, once in hoplite running, and once in the 
diavdos, at unknown dates: Hyde, 149; Foerster, 767-72. We can not say that his victories fell 
at a date when iconic statues were in vogue. 
7VI, 6.6; he won in Ols. 74, 76, 77 ( =484, 476-2 B. C.): Oxy. Pap.; Hyde, 56; Foerster, 185, 
195, 207; Inschr. v. Ol., 144. 
8. g., VI, 13.3-4 and 8: Hermogenes, five times victor in running races in Ols. 215, 216, 217 
(=81-89 A. D.): Afr.; Hyde, 11la; Foerster, 654-6, 659-660, 662-4; Polites, three times victor 
in running races in Ol. 212 (=69 A. D.): Afr.; Hyde, 111b; Foerster, 648-50; Leonidas, four 
times victor in running races in Ols. 154, 155, 156, 157 (=164-152 B. C.): Afr.; Hyde, 11lc; Foer- 
ster, 495-7, 498-500, 502-4, 507-9; Tisandros, four times victor in boxing in Ols. (?) 60-3 ( =540- 
528 B.C.), at a date too early for portraiture: Hyde, 119a; Foerster, 115, 119, 123, 124. There 
are other examples from the early fifth and the sixth centuries B. C. 
%Princ. Gr. Art, Ch. XI (Portrait Sculpture), pp. 165 f. 
