ASSIMILATION OF OLYMPIC VICTOR STATUES. 93 
-yictories.1 He rightly explains the Apolline attributes of the Delian 
copy as the perfectly natural additions of an artist who lived on the 
island reputed to be the birthplace of the god. His ascription of the 
’ Polykleitan statue to the pentathlete Pythokles, the base of whose 
statue at Olympia has been found,? is doubtful. More recently Ada 
~ Maviglia has shown the literary grounds for regarding the Diadou- 
menos as an athlete, and not an Apollo.® 
The difficulty of distinguishing between statues of athletes and Apollo 
is also shown by the very beautiful fifth century B.C. Parian marble 
head in Turin,‘ which is certainly a copy of an original Greek bronze. 
Furtwaengler, because of the hair, wrongly believed it the head of a 
_diadoumenos, and connected it with Kresilas,> while Amelung and 
~ Wace’ have found in it Attic and Polykleitan influences. The hair is 
parted over the centre of the forehead, as in the Diadoumenos and 
the Doryphoros, and in other works attributed to the Polykleitan 
school, while the locks over the ears and the plaits wound round 
the head have Attic analogues.’ 
ATHLETE STATUES ASSIMILATED TO TYPES OF HERAKLES. 
Herakles was the reputed founder of the games at Olympia.’ He 
was a famous wrestler, Pausanias frequently mentioning his combats 
with giants.° He won in both wrestling and the pankration at Olym- 
pia.!? In connection with the victory of Straton of Alexandria, who 
won in these two events on the same day," Pausanias names three men 
before him and three men after him who won inthese events on the same 
1Jh. oest. arch. Inst., VIII, 1905, pp. 269 f. Miss McDowall, in the article already cited, 
p. 204, has also argued that there is no necessary connection between the quiver slung over the 
tree-support and Apollo. 
2Inschr.v. Ol., 162-3; Loewy, op. cit., X, 1907, pp.326f. Studniczka, ibid., IX, 1906, pp. 311 f., 
discusses the base and believes that the pose of the statue of Pythokles was the same as that of 
the Borghese Ares of the Louvre (von Mach, 125; F. W., 1298; Reinach, Rép. I, 133, 1-3; etc.), 
the weight on the left foot, 7. ¢., essentially different from the Polykleitan pose. 
rd © AV 11, 1912, p. 37. 
4Duetschke, IV, no. 52 (=wrongly female); J. H. S., XXVI, 1906, Pl. XV (three views), and 
pp. 235 f. (Wace). 
5Mp>., p. 247; Mw., pp. 448-449; he assigns it to the third quarter of the fifth century B. C. 
6Amelung, Rev. arch., II, 1904, p. 344.1; Wace, l. c., p. 237. 
7Both Schreiber, 4. M., VIII, 1883, pp. 246 f., and Studniczka, Jb., XI, 1896, pp. 255 f., 
have shown that the hair arranged in the double plait, whether the xewBddos or not, is Attic, 
and that similarly the mass of locks over the ears is common in Attic works. 
8P.,V, 7.9. In V, 7.7, the Idaan Herakles is said to have first crowned his brother as victor 
there; cf. V, 8.3-4. We have already (p. 10) spoken of the difference of opinion as to whether it 
was the Cretan (Idan) Herakles, or the more famous son of Zeus and Alkmena, who founded the 
games. Onthetraditional connection of the hero with Olympia, see E. Curtius, Sitzb. d.k. preuss. 
Akad. d. Wiss. xu Berlin, 1894, pp. 1098 f.; Busolt, Gr. Gesch.,? I, pp. 240 f.; Krause, Olympia, 
pp. 26f. 
*With the river-god Acheloos, III, 18.16 (the contest pictured in relief on the throne of Apollo 
at Amyklai; cf. the same scene represented by the cedar-wood figures inlaid with gold on the 
treasury of the Megarians at Olympia, VI, 19, 12); with Antaios, [X, 11.6 (pictured in the sculp- 
tures of the gable of the Herakleion at Thebes); with Eryx, III, 16.4 and IV, 36.4. 
OP’, V; 8.4. uP, V, 21.9; he won in Ol. 178 (=68 B. C.): Foerster, 570-1. 
