PRIMARY ATTRIBUTES OF VICTOR STATUES. 155 
other, while the Farnese athlete stands at rest with both feet flat upon 
the ground. Gardner rightly regards this exquisite head not as the 
original of the statue mentioned by Pliny, since the Vaison and Delian 
copies show that the latter represented a fully developed man, some- 
what over life-size, and not a boy, but rather as a work of the Poly- 
kleitan school, though he does not exclude the possibility that it may 
come from one of the many boy athletes of the master. 
Furtwaengler connects with the Diadoumenos the statue of a youth- 
ful boxer, slightly under life-size, which shows a similar motive. It 
is known to us in two copies, one in Kassel,! the other in Lansdowne 
House, London.? That it is a work of Polykleitos is shown by the 
correspondence of its body forms with those of both the Diadoumenos 
and the Doryphoros. A bronze statuette, dating from about 400 B. C., 
in the Akropolis Museum, also repeats the motive without being an 
exact copy.?® 
THE Crown oF WILD OLIVE. 
The crown of wild olive‘ in the hair is another general but not cus- 
tomary attribute of Olympic victor statues. Fewer sculptured heads 
show it than show the tainia, and in most of these the leaves have fallen 
off. Examples of its presence are afforded by the bronze head from 
Beneventum (Fig. 3) in the Louvre,® and on the realistic bronze head 
of a boxer found at Olvmpia (Fig. 61 A and B).6 A good illus- 
tration of a boy victor crowning himself is on a fourth-century B. C. 
funerary relief, found in1873 at the Dipylon gate, and now in the Athens 
Museum.’ ‘The victor is holding or placing a crown of leaves on his 
head. In the Museo delle Terme, Rome, is a mediocre headless copy 
of an original statue of the end of the fifth century B.C., the work of an 
artist of the Polykleitan school, the restoration of which as a victor 
engaged in wreathing his head is probable.’ A protuberance on the right 
shoulder seems to have been left by the end of the lemniskos or ribbon 
1M>., p. 246, fig. 99 (with original head); Mvw., p. 447, fig. 69. 
2Michaelis, p. 438, no. 3; Clarac, V, 851, 2180 A (headless); it is 1.49 meters high (Michaelis). 
He believes that it originally was an oil-pourer. 
3M>., p. 246; Mw., p. 448. It is 12 centimeters high (Furtwaengler). 
4xorivov oregavos, P., VIII, 48.2; cf. 4. G., 1X, 357; Aristoph., Plut., 586; Theophr., Hist. Plant., 
IV, 13.2. The custom of using the olive crown is probably very ancient, despite Phlegon’s state- 
ment that it was introduced in Ol. 7(=752 B. C.): frag. 1 (=F. H. G., III, p. 604). Pindar says 
that it was introduced from the land of the Hyperboreans by Herakles: Ol., III, 14 f; Bacchylides 
calls it Aetolian: VII, 50 (yAavxov AitwAldos avinu’ édaias). It probably goes back to some 
form of popular magic. 
5B. B., no. 324; here small leaves are still remaining over the forehead. 
®Bronz. v. Ol., I], 2 and 2a. Here the leaves have disappeared. See pp. 254-5. 
"B.C. H., V, 1881, Pl. III, text, pp. 65 f. (Pottier). Here is listed a number of funerary reliefs 
representing athletes, which list could easily be enlarged. 
8Helbig, Fuehrer, II, 1241; Guide, 977. Onthe motive, see Archaeol. Studien H. Brunn dargebr., 
1893, pp. 62 f. 
