CHAPTER IV. 
VICTOR STATUES REPRESENTED IN MOTION. 
Pirates 22-25 anp Ficures 32-62. 
Just when the important step of representing the victor in motion 
instead of at rest was taken in Greek athletic sculpture we can not defi- 
nitelysay. Thestatement of Cornelius Nepos thatthe statues of athletes 
were first represented in movement in the fourth century B. C., after 
the time of the Athenian general Chabrias—whose image he describes 
as representing Chabrias in his favorite posture with his spear pointed 
at the enemy and his shield on his knee—has long since been shown to 
be worthless.!_ Nor is the assumption of many archzologists? that this 
advance in the plastic art was taken over into athletic sculpture soon 
after the statues of the 7'yrannicides were set up at Athens, which rep- 
resented them in the midst of their impetuous onslaught on Hippar- 
chos, to be relied upon. ‘These statues, however, occupy so important 
a place in the history of Greek sculpture that we shall consider them 
briefly in this connection. 
THE TYRANNICIDES. 
The bronze’statues of the popular heroes Harmodios and Aristo- 
geiton, by the sculptor Antenor, were, in all probability, set up in the 
Athenian agora in 506-5 B.C.2. The group was carried off to Susa by 
Xerxes in 480 B. C., and to replace it a new group, doubtless a free imi- 
tation of the ree one, and probably also of bronze, was set up in 477 
B. C., the work of the sculptors Kritios and Nesiotes.4| Nearly a cen- 
tury and a half later the stolen group was restored to Athens by Alex- 
ander the Great® and the two continued to stand side by side in Athens 
down to the time of Pausanias. Neither of these groups has survived 
to our time, but a late Roman marble copy of one, somewhat over life- 
1Chabrias, 3: Ex quo factum est ut postea athletae ceterique artifices his statibus in statuis ponen- 
dis uterentur, in quibus victoriam essent adepti; cf. Diod., XV, 33. 4 (who speaks of “‘statues’’). 
This statue was erected in Athens after his campaign to aid Thebes against Agesilaos in 378 
B. C.: Xen., Hell., V, 4.38 f. (though here Chabrias is not mentioned by name); Diod., XV, 
32-33; Demosth., Contra Lept., 75-76 (p. 479); cf. Aristotle, Rhet., III, 10.7. Chabrias seems 
to have been the first to order his troops to assume a kneeling posture when receiving the 
charge of the enemy. These tactics when used against Agesilaos were so favorably regarded 
by the Athenians that his statues were represented in the attitude of kneeling. 
2. g., Reisch, p. 43. 
3See Joubin, p. 46. It probably took place under the restored democracy of Kleisthenes. The 
assassination of Hipparchos took place in 514 B.C. Pliny, H. N., XXXIV, 17, says that the 
group was set up in the year in which the kings were expelled from Rome (=509 B. C.). 
4P., 1, 8.5; cf. Marmor Parium, |. 70 (=C. I. G., Il, 2374; F. H. G., I, pp. 533 f., etc.), and 
Lucian, Philopseudes, 18. 
5Arrian, Anab., III, 16.18 (he says it was of bronze); Pliny, H. N., XXXIV, 70; restored by 
Seleukos: Val. Max., II, 10, Extr. 1; by Antiochos: P., I, 8.5. = 
