190 VICTOR STATUES REPRESENTED IN MOTION. 
As we have already remarked in an earlier chapter, we are mostly 
indebted to Pausanias for our knowledge of the victor statues at Olym- 
pia. He mentions in his periegesis of the Altis 192 monuments, 
which were erected to 187 victors.2, Some of these victors won in more 
than one contest, so that there are 258 different victories recorded in 
all. In the following sections we shall see how these were distributed 
among the various contests. 
RUNNERS: STADIODROMOI, DIAULODROMOI, DoLICHODROMOI. 
Running races formed at all times a part of the Greek games and of 
the exercises of the youth in the gymnasia and palestre. A scholiast 
on Pindar® says that the running race had its origin in the first cele- 
bration of the Eleusinian mysteries. It figures largely in mythology, 
especially at Olympia, which also shows its antiquity.* In historic 
times many varieties of Surat: developed, but four chief ones were 
practised at the great games.° First there was the simple stade-race 
(sTad.ov, dpouos), which was merely the length of the stadion or 600 
Greek feet, corresponding with the running race of Homer.® Then there 
was the double race (dtavAos), twice as long as the preceding, to the 
end of the course and back again.’ The long race (d0Acxos, 6 wakpos 
dpouos), which Philostratos derives from the institution of messenger 
runners (hemerodromoz),® is variously given as seven, twelve, fourteen, 
twenty, and twenty-four stades in length, 7. ¢., from about four-fifths 
of a mile to nearly three miles.° Lastly there was the race in armor 
(6m\t Tod popos,! 6rAtTns," domts.2) The long race was instituted not so 
much as a contest of fleetness as of endurance. At Olympia only men 
were admitted, though there was such a race for boys at Delphi. The 
1VJ, 1.3 to VI, 18.7. We also know of 61 other victors with 63 monuments from inscribed 
base fragments recovered at Olympia; these will be treated infra in Ch. VIII, pp. 353 f. 
2See Ch. VIII, infra, p. 339 and notes 3-4. 
8On O1., LX, 150, Boeckh, p. 228; cf. Etym. magn., s. v. or ddvov, p. 743, 25. 
4Thus Apollo beat Hermes in running at Olympia, P., V, 7.10; the Idzean Herakles instituted a 
race among his brothers, P., V, 7.7; and Endymion set his sons to run, and so instituted the boys’ 
running race there, P., V, 1.4. The running race appears inthe Boread legend, Ph.,3; pseudo-Dio 
Chrysost., XX XVII, p. 296 (Dindorf); 1t was represented on the Kypselos chest: P., V, 17.10, and 
appears on many archaic vases. On the age of the event, see Grasberger, Erziehung und Unter- 
richt, I, 1864, p. 310 and III, 1881, p. 199. The Cretans and the Lacedamonians sacrificed to 
Apollo dpouatos: Plut., Quaest. conviv., VIII, 4.4. 
See Ph., 3, for the four running races; cf., Plato, de Leg., 833 A, B. 
STliad, XXIII, 740 f.; Od., VIII, 120 f. (in 1. 121 it is called Spduos). In some historic games, 
the stade-race remained the only event; ¢. g., at the Hermaia on Salamis: C. J. G., I, 108. For 
the stade-race, see P., I, 44.1; III, 14.3; IV, 4.5, etc. On its origin, see Ph., 5. 
7Schol. on Aristoph., Aves, 292 (ed. J. W. White, 1914); P., V, 8.6. Onits origin, see Ph., 6 and 
cf. Krause, pp. 345 f. 8Ch. 4. 
*Suidas, s. v. d6Acxos; schol. on Aristophanes, Aves, 292 (=seven stadia); Boeckh, C. J. G., I, 
no. 1515, p. 703 (=ordinarily seven stadia); schol. on Soph., Electra, 691. See Krause, I, p. 348, 
n. 13; Grasberger, op. cit., I, pp. 312 f. 
10Poll., III, 151; schol. on Aristoph., Acharn., 214; etc. 
UP., passim; Oxy. Pap.; ete. 12Ph., 7.. For two theories of its origin, see ibid. 
8P., X, 7.5; Krause, Die Pythien, Nemeen, und Isthmien, pp. 136 f. 
