RUNNERS. 191 
Cretans were famed in this style of running.!. The race in armor, 
which was a double race or two stades.at Olympia, we shall discuss 
further on. Probably the boys’ stade-race at Olympia was shorter 
than that of the men. Plato, who gives the historic division of running 
races outlined above, has the boys run one-half of the men’s course 
and the ephebes (a@yévevor) two-thirds.2 Just so Pausanias has the 
girl runners at the Olympia Heraia run one-sixth of the men’s stadion.® 
At Olympia, as at the Panathenaia in Athens and probably else- 
where, the first event preceding all others was the stade-race. Pausa- 
nias says that it was the oldest event at Olympia,‘ and it existed there 
all through antiquity from the first recorded Olympiad (=776 B.C.), 
when Koroibos of Elis won.> But the notion generally held® that the 
stade-race for men was honored above all other events at Olympia, 
because the winner became érwvupos for the Olympiad and because his 
name occurs in the lists of Africanus for every Olympiad, is incorrect. 
In two passages Thukydides cites Olympic pancratiasts for dates,’ 
and in the earliest inscription which makes use of Olympiads for 
chronology the later introduced pankration is the event used. The 
literary supremacy of Athens, where, at the Panathenata, the stade- 
race was the most important event, doubtless helped later in making 
the stade runner at Olympia eponymous. ‘This custom, however, was 
not generally employed before the third century B. C. 
Pausanias dates the introduction of the double foot-race at Olympia 
in Ol. 14 (=724 B.C.).2 He does not say when the long race was in- 
stituted, but Eusebios says that it wasin Ol. 15 (=720B.C.).!° Theboys’ 
stade-race was introduced there in Ol. 37 (=632 B.C.)." The hoplite- 
race was inaugurated at the end of the sixth century B.C., in Ol. 65 
(=5208.C.).12 Pausanias mentions 24 stadiodromoi at Olympia, who 
1Cf. Plato, de Leg., I, p. 625 E. Thus the Cretans Ergoteles and Sotades won the distance 
race twice each; Ergoteles in Ols. 77 and 79 (=472 and 464 B.C.): P., VI, 4.11; Oxy. Pap.; Hyde, 
46; Foerster, 206, 213; Sotades in Ols. 99, 100 (=384, 380 B.C.): P., VI, 18.6; Hyde, 186; Foerster, 
317, 323. The Cretan Philonides, courier of Alexander the Great, had an honor statue at Olym- 
pia: P., VI, 16.5; Hyde, 154a. At the games at Trapezous over sixty Cretans entered: Xen., 
Anab., IV, 8, 27; cf. Krause, pp. 352 f. 
*DeLeg., Vili, 833 C. 3V, 16.3. 
4V, 8.6; cf. IV, 4.5; VIII, 26.4. His statement about the antiquity of the event is corroborated 
by Plutarch, Quaest. conviv., V, 2.12, Ph. (=only event until Ol. 14), and Eusebios, Chronika, I, 
p. 193 (ed. Schoene). Gardiner, p. 52, believes that if the Olympic games developed from a 
single event, it was probably not from the stade-race, but from either the fight in armor or the 
chariot-race. 
5P., V, 8.6, etc.; Foerster, 1. 6Discussed by Gardiner, pp. 52 and 272-3. 
“IIT, 8 (=Dorieus of Rhodes, who won his second victory in Ol. 88 (=428 B. C.): P., VI, 7.1; 
Hyde, 61; Foerster, 260); V, 49 (=Androsthenes of Mainalos, who won his first victory in Ol. 90, 
=420B.C.: P., VI, 6.1; Hyde, 51; Foerster, 267). 
8Dittenberger, Sylloge®, I, no. 256 (—Agesidamos of Messenia, who won in Ol. 140, =220 B.C.). 
°V, 8.6; confirmed by Ph., 12, and Eusebios, Chron., I, p. 193 (ed. Schoene). 
eine. corroborated by Ph., 12. 
1Pp., V, 8.9; Eusebios agrees with Pausanias, but Philostratos says Ol. 46 (=596 B. C.), J. ¢. 
2P., V, 8.10; cf. III, 14.3. It was introduced at Delphi in 498 B. C.: see Gardiner, p. 70. 
