RUNNERS. 195 
seen in a small bronze in the Metropolitan Museum, whose primitive 
features and solidly massed hair date it in the early part of the sixth 
century B.C.! Another slightly larger bronze in the same museum rep- 
resents Herakles running in a kneeling posture.2 Because a spearman 
is incongruous behind a bowman, Kalkmann? and Furtwaengler* have 
interpreted the two kneeling figures near either end of the West gable 
of the temple on Aegina as archaic runners (see Fig. 21, left). We may 
further compare with these figures the positions, though not the 
motives, of two others from the West gable at Olympia,° as well as 
that of the kneeling bowman Herakles from the East gable of the 
temple on Aegina.® In this connection we shall also mention the life- 
size marble torso of a kneeling youth found in Nero’s villa at Subiaco 
in 1884 and now in the Museo delle Terme, Rome (Pl. 24).7. This 
statue, representing a boy of delicate build apparently striding forward 
with the right leg and bending the left so that the knee nearly touches 
the ground, has been regarded by some scholars® as a runner, whose 
pose copies the archaic manner, being historically the last example 
known of its use in sculpture. The right shoulder is turned backward 
and the head, now missing, was turned back and upwards; the right 
arm is raised high and twisted about with the palm of the hand facing 
backward, the left arm extended with its hand in some way related to 
the right knee. ‘The impression made on the spectator is that of a boy 
bending aside as if to ward off some danger. It is an excellent piece of 
work, evidently the marble copy of anoriginalbronze. This has been va- 
riously assigned to the fifth, fourth, and even later centuries B.C.,’ and 
interpreted in various ways!°—as a Niobid,' as Ganymedes swooped 

1Richter, no. 16, fig. on p. 10; Mus. Bull., 1909 (May), p. 78 (Robinson); it is 2% inches tall. 
Richter, no. 62, fig. on p. 43; Mus. Bull., 1913 (Dec.), pp. 268 f. and fig. 7 (Richter); it is 37 
inches tall. 30. cit., pp. 65 and 74. 
44egina, das Heiligtum der Aphaia, P|. XCVI, nos. 32 and 3; in the Glyptothek these are nos. 
78 and 82; see von Mach, Pl. 78 (middle). 
5The Lapith G and the boy P: Treu, /Jb., III, 1888, pp. 117 f., Pl. V (=Q and F in the new 
arrangement on Pl. VI); Kalkmann, op. cit., p. 75. 6Bulle, 180; it is 0.79 meter high. 
7Ant. Denkm., I, Pt. 5, 1890, Pl. LVI (text, pp. 45-46, by Winter); B. B., no. 249; Bulle, 92 
(two views) and 93; von Mach, 226; Helbig, Fuehrer, II, no. 1353; Guide, 1063; Collignon, II, p. 
361, fig. 184; Gardiner, Sculpt., Pl. LX XIII; Reinach, Rép., I, 2,419, 7. Itis 1 meter high (Bulle). 
8E. g., Kalkmann, /b., X, 1895, pp. 46 f., Pl. I and fig. I in text; he defends this view, 1:d., 
XI, 1896, pp. 197 f. 
°To the fifth by Kalkmann, Bulle, Furtwaengler (Sitzb. Muen. Akad., 1907, Pt. I, pp. 219-220, 
= Hadrianic copy), and others; to the fourth by Winter, Collignon, and von Mach; Collignon, IJ, 
pp. 359 f., connects it stylistically with the so-called I/ioneus of the Glyptothek, represented in a 
similar pose (=Furtw.-Wolters, Beschr.,? 270; B. B., 432; F. W., 1263), and with the Hypnos in 
the Prado, Madrid (=Huebner, Die ant. Bildw. in Madrid, no. 39; Furtw., Mw., pp. 648 f.; Col- 
lignon, II, p. 357, fig. 181; F. W., 1287; for small replicas in bronze, see Winnefeld, Hypnos, 
p. 8, n. 2), and assigns all three to the fourth century B. C. and to Skopaic art. Amelung 
assigns the Subiaco youth. to Hellenistic times: Mus. and Ruins of Rome, I, fig. 60. 
10For a list of ten such interpretations, see de Ridder, Rev. arch., XX XI, Ser. 3, 1897, p. 265, 
n. 5; and B. Sauer, Der Knabe von Subiaco, Festgabe H. Bluemner ueberreicht, 1914, pp. 143 f., 
and note I on p. 143. 
uf. g.; by Bulle; Brizio, Ausonza, I, 1906, p. 21; cf. Winter, /.c.; etc. Ifa Niobid, he was proba- 
bly wounded in the neck (cf. the one in Milan) and formed part of a group. 
