HOPLITODROMOI. 203 
after the race.1_ We have already discussed this statue in Chapter II, 
in connection with the subject of assimilation. 
HoPpLiropROMOI. 
The race in armor had a practical value in the training of soldiers, 
and so became a popular sport, since it appealed not only to the trained 
athlete, but tothe citizenin general. It belonged to “‘mixed athletics,’”? 
1. €.. to competitions which were conducted under handicap conditions, 
such as our obstacle races, and consequently it never attained the pres- 
tige of the strictly athletic events. It came last among the gymnic 
contests at Olympia and elsewhere,’ being followed by the equestrian 
events. It seems to have varied in different places in the distance 
run, in the armor of the runner, and in the rules which governed the race. 
At Olympia, as at Athens, it appears to have been a diaulos or a race of 
two stadia.* The most strenuous race of the sort was run at the 
Eleutheria at Plateea, where the contestants were completely enveloped 
in armor’ and were subject to peculiar rules. At Olympia the com- 
petitors originally ran with helmets, greaves, and round shields, as 
we infer from scenes on archaic vases and from the statement of Paus- 
anias that the statue of the first victor in this event, Damaretos of 
Heraia, was represented with these arms.® In this passage Pausanias 
adds that the Eleans and other Greeks later (ava x povov) gave up the 
greaves, and we find that they disappear on the vase-paintings.’ Hau- 
ser has shown that the vase-paintings, which, however, mostly illus- 
trate the Athenian practice, display a varied custom in respect of the use 
of the greaves before about 520 B.C., the general use of them until about 
450 B.C., and after that date their disuse.* The helmet disappeared 

1See Lange, Das Motif des aufgestuetzten Fusses, 1879, pp. 9 f.; Reisch, p. 46, n. 5; B. B., no. 67 
(Paris copy); von Mach, 238a (Munich copy), 238b (Louvre copy). See supra, pp. 86-87. 
2See E. N. Gardiner, J. H. S., XXIII, 1903, p. 281; on the race, see Gardiner, pp. 285-91, and 
deat G0. 250f.; Krause, 1, pp, 353-359; Dar.-Sagl., 1, Pt.2, p. 1644; ete. 
3At Olympia, P., III, 14.3; Plut., Quaest. conviv., 11,5; Artemidoros, Oneirokritika, 1,63; Heliod., 
Aethiop., IV., init; Oxy. Pap.; at Delphi, Krause, Die Pythien, Nemeen, und Isthmien, 1841, p. 26, 
no. 4; at the Panathenaia, Mommsen, Feste d. Stadt Athen, 1898, p. 70. On its origin, see Ph., 7. 
4P., II, 11.8; X, 34.5. Inthe first passage Pausanias speaks of a victor who won the diaulos 
twice—once yupves, the second time oty 7H domidt. De Ridder, B. C. H., XXI, 1897, pp. 211 f., 
discusses Hauser’s futile argument (/d., II, 1887, pp. 95 f.) that the hoplite-runner covered the 
stadion four times, the first and fourth with helmet and shield, the second and third without the 
shield, and conclusively shows that the race was a diaulos. For Athens, see Aristoph., Aves, 
291 f., and scholion. The race was four stades long at Nemea: cf. Ph., 7, and Juethner’s note 
(p. 196). 
5Ph., 8; cf. also 24. 
6VI,10.4. In V, 12.8 he says that 25 shields for this race were officially kept in the nave of the 
temple of Zeus. 
7™We see shield, helmet, and greaves on the vase pictured in Dar.-Sagl., I, 2, p. 1644, fig. 2231; 
Baum., III, p. 2110, fig. 2360; on the b.-f. vases in Gerhard, IV, Pls. CCLVII, CCLVIII, and 
CCLXIII; on the b.-f. vases pictured in Schreiber, Bilderatlas, Pl. XXII, figs. 3 (sixth century 
B.C., = Gerhard, IV, Pl. CCLVIII) and 5 (=amphora in the British Museum: B. M. Vases, I, 
B 608); we see no greaves on the r.-f. kylix in Berlin (Fig. 41); cf. Krause, pp. 354 f. 
SPI S8/, Dp. 113%, 1895, pp. 199 f. 
