210 VICTOR STATUES REPRESENTED IN MOTION. 
PENTATHLETES. 
The peculiar features of the penthalon (aévta@\ov) were the three 
events, jumping, diskos-throwing, and javelin-throwing. All five events 
are summed up in Simonides’ epigram on the pentathlete Diophon, 
who won at Delphi and on the Isthmus, the second line of which 
runs: ada, TodwKeiny, SloKor, GKOVTO, many. 
The pentathlon did not exist in Homer’s time. Pindar expressly says 
that it did not exist in heroic days, but that then a separate prize was 
given for each feat.2, At the games on Scheria, King Alkinoos boasts to 
Odysseus of the superiority of his countrymen in 7E Te tadharopootvy Te 
Kal addpaow noe Todecow.® The pentathlon for men was introduced at 
Olympia at the same time as wrestling toward the end of the eighth cen- 
tury, in Ol. 18 (= 708 B..C.),* and the pentathlon for boys eighty years 
later, in Ol. 38 (= 628 B.C.), only to be stopped soon after.> Pausanias 
mentions fifteen victors at Olympia, who had statues erected in their 
honor, for seventeen victories in the pentathlon, thus giving the pen- 
tathletes sixth rank there in point of number. 
The b.-f. Bacchic amphora in Rome already discussed represents 
four events out of the five: running, leaping, diskos-throwing, and 
akontion-throwing (Figs. 36 A and 36 B).® On several Panathenaic 
vases we find one or more events, and the three characteristic ones on 
several, one of which we here reproduce (Fig. 44).7 
The various events are common on r.-f. vases,® though these may 
not represent the pentathlon contests, but, merely gymnasium scenes, 
14. Pl., 1,3, v. 2, and P. 1. G., III, no. 153, p. 500. Cf. also the epigram quoted by Eustath- 
ius, in the scholion on the Iliad, XXIII, 621, p. 1320, and one by Lucilius, 4. G., XI, no. 84. 
The five events are repeatedly mentioned by Greek writers: Ph., 3, 11, etc.; Artemidoros, 
Oneir., 1, 55; many scholiasts, ¢. g.,on Pindar, Isthm., 1,35, Boeckh, p. 519, and Soph., Electra, 691. 
On the event, see P. Gardner, J. H. S., I, pp. 210 f.; Gardiner, Ch. XVII, pp. 359 f.; 7d., J. H.S., 
XXIII, 1903, pp. 54 f. (The Method of Deciding the Pentathlon); E. Myers, J. H. S., II, 1881, 
pp. 217 f.; F. Fedde, Der Fuenfkampf d. Hellenen, 1888, and Ueber den Fuenfkampf d. Hellenen, 
1889; Heinrich, Ueber das Pentathlon d. Griechen, 1892; Pinder, Ueber den Fuenfkampf d. 
Hellenen, 1867; Krause, I, pp. 476-497, and 921 f.; Bluemner, in Baum., I, pp. 512 f; Legrand, in 
Dar.-Sagl., IV, 1, pp. 804 f., 5. v., Quinquertium. On the order of events and method of deciding 
the victory, see Gardiner, pp. 362 f. 
2Tsthm., I, 26-27. 
8Od., VIII, 103. In line 129 he mentions the diskos. Boxing was never a part of the later 
pentathlon. 
4P., V, 8. 7; Philostratos, 12; in Ch. 3 he says that it was introduced by Jason. SP rN Oe Ls 
6Gerhard, IV, Pl. CCLIX. See supra, p. 192. 
7It represents jumping, javelin-throwing, and diskos-throwing; it is a Panathenaic vase of the 
sixth century B. C. in the British Museum: B 134; J. H. S., XXVII, 1907, Pl. XVIII; Gardiner, 
p. 360, fig. 107; cf. these three events pictured on another amphora of similar date in Leyden: 
A. Z., XX XIX, 1881, Pl. [X; Gardiner, p. 361, fig. 108. A gymnasium scene (i. ¢., figures of a 
jumper, diskobolos, and apparently an akontistes) appears on a r.-f. vase-painting by Douris: 
sce Pottier, Douris et les Peintres de Vases grecs, 1904 (engl. ed. 1909), fig. 6; Perrot-Chipiez, X, 
p. 549, fig. 315. 
8In addition to those cited we may add the vase in the British Museum, B 142 (=diskos-throw- 
ing and javelin-throwing); one in Munich, no. 656 (=javelin-throwing and jumping); two others 
in the British Museum, B 136 and 602 (=diskos-throwing); another there, B 605 (=javelin- 
throwing); etc. 
