JUMPERS. - 215 
weight from Eleusis now in Athens, whose i inscription records Cees 
dedicated by one Epainetos to commemorate his victory in jumping.’ 
On vase-paintings of the sixth and fifth centuries B.C., we see numerous 
types, but two main ones. Early b.-f. vases show a Earlene piece 
of metal or stone with a deep depression on one side for a finger grip, 
the two club-like ends being equal (as in Figs. 36A and 44). In the 
early fifth century B.C., a club-like type came in, which shows many 
modifications in the size and shape of the ends.?. In the fifth century 
B.C., the second main type appeared, of an elongated semispherical 
form, thickest in the middle and with the ends pointed or rounded. 
These correspond with the “archaic” ones, which Pausanias saw on the 
figure of 4gon in the dedicatory group of Mikythos at Olympia’ and 
describes as forming half an elongated circle and so fastened as to let 
the fingers pass through. We have two stone examples of this type: 
one found at Corinth, now in the Polytechnic Institute in Athens,‘ in 
which a hole is cut behind the middle for the fingers and thumbs, and 
a more primitive single one from Olympia.®> Philostratos divides the 
Greek jumping-weights into “long” and “‘spherical,’® which Juethner 
identifies with the two types just discussed. Gardiner, however, finds 
this impossible, since Pausanias speaks of one type as “archaic,” and he 
consequently thinks that these were no longer in use in the time of Phil- 
ostratos. After the fifth century B.C. we have little evidence about 
halteres until Roman days, when a cylindrical type appears on Roman 
copies of Greek statues of athletes, on mosaics and wall-paintings. 3 
Thus it appears on the tree-trunk in two athlete statues in Dresden’ and 
the Pitti Gallery in Florence,® and on the Lateran athlete mosaic from 
Tusculum of the imperial period.!2 In Roman days jumping-weights 
were used forthe most part in medical gymnastics, like ourdumb-bells.! 
1National Museum, no. 9075; Arch. Eph., 1883, fig. on p. 190; Juethner, fig. 1; Gardiner, p. 298, 
fig. 60. The inscription=C. I. 4., 1V, 4224. This weight is 4.5 inches long with concave sides 
and weighs 4 lbs. 2 oz. . 
2. g.. one of lead, in the British Museum: /. H. S., XXIV, 1904, p. 182; Gardiner, p. 299, 
fig.6lc. It weighs 2 lbs. 5 oz. 
3V, 26.3; the group dates from the second half of the fifth century B. C.: see Inschr. v. Ol., nos. 
267-9. 
4Arch. Eph., 1883, fig. on p. 104; Juethner, fig. 8; Gardiner, p. 300, fig. 62; Schreiber, Bilderatlas, 
Pl. XXII, fig. 10. Itis 10inches long. (The illustrations show one weight seen from three sides.) 
5 Bronz. v. Ol., p. 180, fig. 1101; Juethner, fig. 9; Gardiner, p. 299, fig. 61a (from cast in the Brit- 
ish Museum). It is probably of diorite and is 11.5 inches long, and weighs over 10 pounds. 
6Ch. 55; cf. Lucian, Anach., 27 (kat worvBdivas xerpoTANOers & Taiv Xepotv ExovTes, 1. ¢., cylin- 
drical); Etym. magn., p. 71, 20. 
7Such is the limestone halter from Kameiros, Rhodes, in the British Museum: B. M. Guide to 
Gk. and Rom. Life, 1908, fig. 41; Gardiner, p. 299, fig. 61 b. It is 7.5 inches long. 
8Juethner, fig. 11. *Duetschke, II, 22. 
10Mon. d. I., V1, VII, 1857-63, Pl. LXXXII; Annali, XXXV, 1863, pp. 397f.; Gardiner, 
Datiietie22, 
uSee Caelius Aurelianus, de Morb. acut. et chron., V, 2.38 (=of the early ? fifth century A. D.). 
The imperial physicians recommended them: see Galen and Antyllos, apud Oribasium, Coll. 
Medicin., ed. Bussemaker et Daremberg, 1851, VI, 14 and 34, respectively; see Krause, I, pp. 395 
f., and Juethner, p. 16. 
