DISKOBOLOI. 219 
which are illustrated by the monuments.!. He shows that while the 
swing of the quoit was always the same, 7. ¢., in a vertical and not 
in a horizontal arc, and the throw was invariably made from a 
position like that of Myron’s statue, the preliminary and certain 
other movements varied. It will be well, before discussing repre- 
sentations of the diskos-thrower in sculpture, very briefly to recapit- 
ulate his summary of positions, using the evidence which he and 
others have collected. First, the preliminary position or stance, 
with three variations: either the position of the Standing Diskobolos 
of the Vatican (Pl. 6), which occurs in bronzes, but not on vases; 
or the position in which the diskobolos raises the quoit with the left 
hand level with the shoulder, which occurs on vase-paintings;? or that 
in which the diskos is held outwards in both hands level with the waist.® 
From any of these stance positions, either with or without change 
of feet, we reach the second position, in which the diskos is raised in 
both hands and extended either horizontally to the front and level 
with the head,‘ or held above the head.*> Thirdly the diskos is swung 
downwards and rests upon the right forearm, with either foot forward.° 
This position leads up to that of Myron’s statue, in which the diskos is 
swung as far back as possible (Pls. 22, 23, and Figs. 34, 35).7. The fifth 
17, H. S., XXVII, 1907, pp. 1 f., Pls. I-III, summary on p. 36; Greek Athl. Sports, Ch. XV, pp. 
313 f. Cf. also E. Pernice, Jb., XXIII, 1908, Zum Diskoswurf, pp. 94 f., who corrects and 
augments the evidence furnished by Gardiner’s article in the J. H. S. On the diskos and mode 
of casting, see also Juethner, pp. 18-36; Krause, I, pp. 442 f.; Grasberger, Erziehung und Unter- 
richt, 1, pp. 321 f.; Gaz. arch., 1888, pp. 291 f. (J. Six); Dar.-Sagl., II, 1, pp. 277 f.; Fedde, Der 
Fuenfkampf der Hellenen, pp. 37 f.; Girard, L’éduc. athén., pp. 201 f.; Kietz, Der Diskoswurf 
bei den Griechen, 1892, pp. 15 f. 
2F. g., on a lekythos from Eretria: J. H. S., X XVII, p. 23, fig. 12. 
3E.g.,on a b.-f. Attic lekythos in the British Museum: B. M. Vases, B576; J. H.S.,1. ¢., Pl. I; 
Gardiner, p. 328, fig. 82; onar.-f. kylix: J. H.S., p. 26, fig. 15; Gerhard, IV, Pl. CCXCIV, no. 6. 
4. g., on the reverse of ar.-f. kylix in the British Museum signed by Pheidippos: B. M. Vases, 
III, Pl. 1, E 6; J. H.S.,1.¢., p. 13, fig. 3; Gardiner, p. 323, fig. 76; Perrot-Chipiez, X, p. 368, fig. 
214; onab.-f. kelebe in the British Museum: B. M. Vases, E 361; Gardiner, p. 324, fig. 77; on an 
Attic b.-f. panel-amphora in the University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia: Museum 
Journal, V1, No. 4 (Dec., 1915), fig. 90, p. 170; 4. J. 4., XX, 1916, p. 440, fig. 4; (the obverse of 
this vase, representing a boxing scene, is given in our Fig. 56); on a b.-f. amphora pictured by Ger- 
hard, IV, Pl. CCLX., and Pernice, J. c., fig. on p. 98. The left foot is generally forward in this 
position: ¢. g., on ar.-f. kylix in Munich, no. 795; J. H.S., 1. ¢., p. 26, fig. 14; the right is for- 
ward on two b.-f. vases: Gerhard, Pls. CCLIX, 2 (=our Pl. 36 B), and CCLX. On a r.-f. 
amphora in Naples (Pernice, fig. on p. 96), a youth is represented holding the diskos with the 
right hand on the shoulder, against which his face is silhouetted as in the famous archaic relief 
from the Dipylon gate discussed supra, Ch. III, p. 127. 
5. g.,on the amphora pictured by Pernice, p. 99. 
6The left is forward on a r.-f. krater of Amasis from Corneto: J. H. S., XXVII, p. 16, fig. 5; 
Hartwig, Die griech. Meisterschalen, p. 416, fig. 56a; Gardiner, p. 324, fig. 78; the right is forward 
on ar.-f. pelike in the British Museum: B. M. Vases, E395; J. H.S.,1.¢., Pl. I11; Gardiner, p. 
325, fig. 79. Theleftis drawn back ina fifth-century B. C. bronze: J. H.S., 1. c., p. 18, fig. 7; Bur- 
lington Fine Arts Club, Cat. Anc. Gk. Art, 1904, Pl. L. Another example is found on a r.-f. kylix 
in Paris: J. H. S., 1. ¢., p. 27, fig. 17; Hartwig, Die griech. Meisterschalen, Pl. LXIII, 2; Gardiner, 
p. 331, fig. 85. 
7F or variations, see early fifth-century B. C. coins of Kosin the British Museum: J. H. S., 1. c., 
p. 30, fig. 19; Gardiner, p. 332, fig. 86. 
