234 VICTOR STATUES REPRESENTED IN MOTION. 
victorious wrestler should have had himself coupled with his defeated 
opponent. Pausanias, moreover, mentions no such groups. We are 
therefore safe in inferring that in most, if not in all, cases the wrestler 
would content himself with a single statue, and this might represent 
him in any position in which he was not actually interlocked with his 
adversary. [hat such statues represented him both in repose and in 
motion is attested by recovered bases. The footprints on the base of the 
statue of the Elean wrestler Paianios, a victor of the early third century 
B.C.,! shows us that he was represented as standing in repose, the weight 
of the body resting on the right leg, the left being drawn back and touch- 
ing the ground with the toes only. A hole in the base may have been 
for a spear on which the victor’s hand rested, though the statue is not 
that of a pentathlete. ‘The perfectly preserved footprints on the base 
of the statue of the boy wrestler Xenokles by Polykleitos the Younger 
show that he was represented as standing with his weight on the right 
leg, the left being slightly advanced and to one side, though resting 
flatonthe ground. The head was probably turned a little to the right. 
Thus the wrestler was poised ready to grip his adversary.? This statue 
must have been a favorite among athlete monuments, since the same 
motive appears in various Roman copies, which Furtwaengler assigns 
to the immediate circle of the pupils of Polykleitos. The statue of 
the Argive wrestler Cheimon by Naukydes may have represented him 
in motion, since Pausanias, in mentioning two statues of the victor, 
one in Olympia and the other in thé temple of Concord at Rome, says 
that they were among the most famous works of that sculptor. From 
this encomium Reisch has assumed that the one at Olympia was 
represented in lively motion.® 
BoxERS. 
Boxing, like wrestling, was one of the oldest sports in Greece, as it 
has been everywhere else. ‘The fist is the simplest and most natural 
of allweapons.4 Boxing was popular already in Homer, matches being 
described both in the Iliad and the Odyssey.® Homer speaks of it as 
Tuyyaxin adeyevy,® and this “painful” character is also mentioned by 


10]. 141 (=216 B. C.): P., VI, 16.9; Hyde, 167; Foerster, 471; Inschr. v. Ol., 179. 
2Inschr. v. Ol., 164; drawing of the base also in Furtw., M>., p. 279, fig. 118; Mw., p. 491, fig. 85. 
The inscription dates from the end of the fifth or beginning of the fourth century B. C., which 
shows that the statue was the work of the younger Polykleitos. Xenokles won sometime 
between Ols. (7) 94 and 100 (=404 and 380 B. C.): P., VI, 9.2; Hyde, 85 and p. 41; Foerster, 308. 
3Pp. 45-6; he won in Ol. 83 (=448 B. C.): Oxy. Pap.; P., VI, 9.3; Hyde, 88; Foerster, 285. 
4Cf. Lucretius, V, 1282: arma antiqua manus ungues dentesque fuerunt; Hor., Sat., I, 3.101; etc. 
‘Between Epeios and Euryalos, Il., XXIII, 653 f.; Odysseus and Iros, Od., XVIII, 1 f.; ef. 
the match between Entellus and Dares in Virgil, 4en., V, 362 f.; Polydeukes and Amykos in 
Theokr., XXII, 80 f.; and in Apollon. Rhod., 4rgon., II, 67 f. For the Homeric and Virgilian 
matches, see Fencing, Boxing, and Wrestling, 1889 (Badminton Library), pp. 125 f. 
Sfl., XXIII, 653; he uses the same epithet of wrestling, idid., 701, and Od., VIII, 126. Eustath. 
ad Il., XXIII, p. 1322, speaks of the rixrns tAnoirovos. 
