248 VICTOR STATUES REPRESENTED IN MOTION. 
Ground wrestling is very commonly depicted on vases and especially 
on gems, since such groups were adapted to oblong or oval spaces.’ 
We reproduce a pancratiast scene from a Panathenaic amphora of Kit- 
tos, dating from the fourth century B.C., in the British Museum (Fig. 
59).2. This is a conventional representation of wrestling and boxing 
combined. ‘The pancratiast at the right of the group has rushed in 
with his head down and has been caught around the neck by his adver- 
sary’s arm, a hopeless position, from which he can not escape. The 
latter is either about to complete the neck hold (if it be an actual case 

.2 
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pal ) \ 
Fic. 59.—Pankration Scene. From a Panathenaic Amphora by Kittos. 
British Museum, London. 
of “chancery”’), or perhaps to hit him with his right hand. A third 
pancratiast is looking on from the extreme right, while a paidoiribes, 
switch in hand, appears at the left. The fight on the ground is well 
depicted on the r.-f. kylix of the British Museum already discussed as 
showing boxing scenes (Fig. 55).8 
We have but few representations of pancratiasts in sculpture. The 
preliminary sparring—known as akpoxetptouos*—must have character- 
ized the statue of the Sikyonian pancratiast Sostratos at Olympia by an 
unknown sculptor, since Pausanias says that this victor was known as 
0 akpoxepoitys, explaining the epithet as that of one who gained his 
1E. g., on four Graeco-Roman gems in the British Museum pictured in J. H. S., XXVI, p. 10, 
fig. 4; Gardiner, p. 447, fig. 162. 
2B. M. Vases, B 604; J. H. S., XXVI, Pl. III; Gardiner, p. 442, fig. 157. 3E 78. 
4Mentioned by Plato, Alcibiades, 1,107 E; Ph., 50; Pollux, III, 150; Suidas, s. v. dxpoxerpiver bat 
and 5, v. Zworparos; Lucian, Lexiphanes, 5; de Saltatione, 10; Reisch, ap. Pauly-Wissowa, I, p. 1197; 
Hitz.-Bluemn., II, 2, p. 548; Grasberger, Erziehung und Unterricht, I, pp. 349-50; Krause, I, pp. 
421 f.,510f.; J. H. S., XXVI, pp. 13-15, where Gardiner discusses the word in ancient writers 
and concludes that it had nothing to do with wrestling, but only with boxing (both the separate 
event and part of the pankration), and meant “to spar lightly with an opponent for practice.” 
