PANCRATIASTS. 251 
grammatical and other grounds it was to read talo in Benndorf’s sense, 
since the passage then would mean “‘advancing towards” or “pursuing,” 
by means of a knuckle-bone, which is manifestly nonsense. The word 
could be only instrumental in use, as Woeffliin said, 7. ¢., the weapon 
by means of which the man was attacking. Furtwaengler, therefore, 
followed Benndorf’s earlier alternative reading telo, assuming that 
Pliny mistakenly wrote talo because he was influenced by the presence 
of the same word in the passage immediately following: duosque pueros 
item nudos talis ludentes qui vocantur astragalizontes.. But Hauser’s 
interpretation of talo meets all the conditions better, since it keeps the 
manuscript readings, makes grammatical Latin, and seems to be illus- 
trated by the statuette in question. 
Sometimes the statues of Olympic pancratiasts were represented at 
rest with the weight of the body equally on both legs, as we see from the 
recovered basis of the statue of the Athenian Kallias by the Athenian 
sculptor Mikon.? Furtwaengler has identified a statue in the Somzée 
Collection as acopy of this work.’ The footprints on the recovered base 
of the statue of the Rhodian Dorieus show that it was represented at 
rest with one leg slightly advanced. We have actual remnants of 
statues of Olympic pancratiasts in the marble head found at Olympia, 
which we are to assign to the statue of the Akarnanian Philandridas by 
Lysippos, mentioned by Pausanias (Frontispiece and Fig. 69),° and the 
beautiful statue of Agias discovered by the French at Delphi in 1894, 
a work by the same sculptor (PI. 28 and Fig. 68).° | 
The struggle on the ground implies groups and not single statues. 
Our best representation of such a group is furnished by the famous 
marble one in the Uffizi, Florence (Pl. 25).7. Though having no pre- 
tensions to be a victor monument, this group is the most important 
monument extant connected with the pankration, a fine anatomical 
study from Hellenistic times, evincing the direct influence of Lysippos 
1This explanation has been followed by Treu, Bildw. v. Ol., 1. c.; Sittl, Parerga zur alten Kunst- 
gesch., p. 24; Klein, II, pp. 362 f.; Jex-Blake, p. 235; and others. 
2Inschr. v. Ol., 146; I. G. B., 41. He won in Ol. 77 (=472 B. C.): Oxy Pap.; P., VI, 6.1; Hyde, 
50; Foerster, 208. 
3Collection Somzée, 1897, Pls. 3-5; see Hyde, to no. 50, on p. 8. Its quiet and reserved pose 
recalls that of the Pelops of the East gable of the temple of Zeus at Olympia (Bildw. v. OL., 
Tafelbd., Pl. IX, 2; Textbd., pp. 46 f.). Because of its archaic grace, though it shows no trace 
of archaic stiffness, it might even be referred to the school of Kritios and Nesiotes. 
4Inschr. v. Ol., 153; I. G. B., 29. He won the pankration in Ols. 87, 88, 89 (=432-424 B. C.); 
P., VI, 7.1; Hyde, 61; Foerster, 258, 260, 262. 
5VI, 2.1; to be discussed infra, Ch. VI, pp. 293 f. 
6B. C. H., XXI, 1897, pp. 592 f. Agias was not only a victor at Delphi three times, at Nemea 
five times, and at the Isthmus five times, but was also an Olympic victor in the pankration, 
Ol. (?) 80 (=460 B. C.): see inscription, B. C. H., 1. ¢., p. 593, and for the date of the Olympic 
victory, K. K. Smith, in Class. Philol., V, 1910, pp. 169 f.; cf. A. J. 4., XIII, 1909, pp. 447 f. 
7Duetschke, III, no. 547; Amelung, Fuehrer, 66; B. B., 431; Bulle, 184; von Mach, 288; F. W., 
1426; Reinach, Rép., I, 523, I; Clarac, V, 858 A, 2176; M. W., I, XXXVI, 149; J. H.S., oy by 
1906, p. 19; Gardiner, p. 449, fig. 163. The group is 0.98 meter high and 0.71 meter broad 
(Duetschke). 
