CHAPTER V. 
MONUMENTS OF HIPPODROME AND MUSICAL 
VICTORS. 
PLATES 26-27 AND FIGURES 63-67. 
In the preceding chapters we have considered the monuments of 
victors in various gymnic contests, in which the victor won by his own 
strength and skill. In the present chapter we shall be concerned 
chiefly with the monuments set up by victors at Olympia in chariot- 
and horse-races, in which the victory did not depend upon the athletic 
prowess of the victor, but upon the skill of his charioteer or jockey and 
the endurance of his horses.!. Though such events were not in the 
strict sense a part of Greek athletics, they formed a very important 
feature of the festival at Olympia as elsewhere.2. Indeed the four-horse 
chariot-race was the most spectacular and brilliant event at Olympia. 
Chariot-races, and to a less extent horse-races, were the sport only of 
the rich—kings, princes, and nobles.’ Thus victories were won in these 
events at Olympia in the fifth century B.C. by Hiero and Gelo, kings 
of Syracuse, and Arkesilas IV of Kyrene; in the fourth, by Philip II 
of Macedonia, and in Roman days by Tiberius, Germanicus, Nero, and 
many others. Alkibiades in Ol. 91 (=416 B.C.), 7.¢., in the midst of the 
great Peloponnesian war, entered seven chariots at Olympia and won 
three prizes. Sometimes a city entered a chariot or horse. Thus in 
Ol. 77 (=472 B.C.) the public chariot of Argos, and in Ol. 75 (=480 
B. C.) the public horse of the same city, won at Olympia.®> Such entries 
show not only the expense attending these contests, but also their 
importance in the eyes of the Greeks. 
Hippodromes, chariot- -races, and horse-races were very common in 
Greece. A votive inscription in the museum at Sparta, dating from 
near the middle of the fifth century B. C., enumerates sixty victories by 
Damonon and his son Enymakratidas in both chariot- and horse-races 
at eight different meets in or near Lakonia, and Damonon was merely 
1Cf. P., VI, 20, 13: éwideréts Ercothuns Te hvidxwv Kai immwv @kitynros; Pindar, Ol., III, 36 f.: 
Oanrov ayava ..... avipGv 7’ aperas wept Kal pyupapuarov SuiygpndAacias. 
2On the hippodrome and its events at Olympia and elsewhere, see A. Martin, in Dar.-Sagl., III, 
1, 1900, pp. 193 f. (art. Hippodromos); on the chariot, Saglio, ibid., I, 2, pp. 1633 f. (art. 
Currus); K. Schneider, in Pauly-Wissowa, VIII, pp. 1735 f.; Julius, in Baum., I, pp. 692 f.; Pollack, 
Hippodromica, Diss. inaug., 1890; Gardiner, Ch. X XI, pp. 451 f.; Krause, I, pp. 557 f.; etc. 
3See Isokrates, XVI (de Bigis), 33 (p. 353 c); Xenophon, de Re equestr., I, 1; Aristotle, Politics, 
VI, 3.2 (=1289 b 35), VIII, 7.1 (=1321 a 11); Plut., de Adul. et Amic., Chs.7 and 16 (latter quoting 
Karneades). On the expense of horse-breeding (irmorpogia), see also Xen., Ages., I, 23; id., 
Oecon., II, 6; Plut., Ages., XX, 1; Pindar, Isthm., II, 38; IV., 29; ete. 
4The first, second, and fourth, according to Thukyd., VI, 16; the first, second and third, according 
to Eurip., fragm. 3 (=P. l. G., II, p. 266), and Isokr., de Bigis, 34 (p.353 d). See Foerster, 275. 
See Oxy. Pap., II, p. 222. ee 
