PROGRAMME OF HIPPODROME EVENTS. 259 
back to mythology, to the story of Pelops and Oinomaos contending 
for the hand of the latter’s daughter Hippodameia.!. This mythical 
race began at the village of Pisa in Elis and ended at the altar of 
Poseidon on the Isthmus of Corinth.2. The chariot-race was the chief 
if not the only event at the oldest funeral games in Greece, those men- 
tioned by Pausanias as held in honor of Azan, the son of Arkas, in 
Arkadia.* It figured largely in mythology‘ and was represented in 
many works of art. At Olympia it was one of the earliest, and perhaps 
the earliest, of the events. Pausanias says that the four-horse chariot- 
race was introduced there in Ol. 25 (=680 B.C.),® but this may merely 
mean, as Gardiner points out, the date of exchanging the older prehis- 
toric two-horse chariot for the one drawn by four horses. In any case 
the antiquity of the race at Olympia is shown by the great number of 
early votive offerings in the form of models of chariots and horses, 
which have been found there in a stratum extending below the founda- 
tions of the Heraion. 
PROGRAMME OF HIPPODROME EVENTS. 
By the middle of the third century B.C. the fully developed pro- 
gramme of equestrian events at Olympia and elsewhere consisted of six 
races, three for full-grown horses (7é\etor), and three for colts (7& ot); 
for each of these two classes there were a four-horse chariot-race (dpua, 
TéOpirmov), a two-horse chariot-race (cuvwpis), and a horse-race (xéA7ns), 
thus: 
apuate Tedelw, ovvwplde Tedrela, KEANTL TEdELW. 
APMATL TWALK@, Tuvaplot THALKH, KEANTL TWALKQ. 
These six events comprised the a@ywv tamxds at Olympia, Delphi, 
Nemea, Corinth, Athens, and elsewhere, as opposed to the ayav yuuexos.” 
The distinction between horses and colts was apparently a matter which 
was decided by the Hellanodikai at Olympia. Thus, Pausanias 
recounts how the Spartan victor Lykidas entered a pair of colts for 
the chariot-race, and that one of them was rejected by the judges; 
he thereupon entered both for the race with full-grown horses and 
1P., V, 10.6—7; VI, 21.6-7; VIII, 14.10-11; etc.; Pindar, Ol., I, 67 f. 
2Diod., LV, 73.3. 8VITI, 4.5. 
4, g., Nestor won at the games of Amarynkeus, Iliad, XXIII, 630 f. On such myths, see 
Krause, I, pp. 558 f. 
5K. g., the race between Pelops and Oinomaos was represented on the chest of Kypselos, P., V, 
17.7, and in the sculptures on the East gable of the temple of Zeus at Olympia, P., V, 10.6-7. 
It appears also on many early vases: ¢. g., on the Francois vase in Florence and the Amphiaraos 
vasein Berlin. For the latter, see Mon. d. I., X, 1874-78, Pls. IV-V; Annali, XLVI, 1874, pp. 82 f. 
(Robert); Gardiner, p. 29, fig. 3. 
SV, 8.7. 
7See Plato, de Rep., III, 19 (=412 B); Isokr., de Bigis, 33 (p. 353 c); Dio Cassius, LII, 30; 
Hdt., I, 167; Andok., 4, 26 (Contra Alcib.); Soph., Electra, 698; etc. 
