PROGRAMME OF HIPPODROME EVENTS. 261 
these races was known to Homer, for salad in the Iliad,! as we 
saw in Chapter I, refers only to the acrobatic feat of vaulting from 
the back of one horse to that of another. Pausanias mentions monu- 
ments erected to eight victors (for nine victories) in the regular horse- 
race at Olympia. We conclude from a passage of his work’ that 
the riding-race consisted of one lap only or six stades, about two- 
thirds of a mile. A mule chariot-race (ar7vn) was introduced in Ol. 
70 (=500 B.C.), and a trotting-race with mares (kad) in OI. 71 
(=496 B.C. ), but both were abolished in Ol. 84 (=444 B.C.).3 Paus- 
anias mentions one monument erected to an anonymous victor in 
xan, who won some time between Ols. 72 and 84 (=492 and 444 B. C.).4 
He mentions the first victor in the mule-race, Thersias of Thessaly, 
but this does not occur in his periegesis of the Altis.5 Only three 
other victors in this event are known to us, and they came from 
Sicilian towns.° 
Equestrian events were discontinued at Olympia in the first century 
B. C., owing to the waning of interest in athletics in consequence of the 
Roman conquest of Greece in 146 B.C. They were revived thereafter 
under the Empire only spasmodically and were destined finally to be 
replaced by the amusements of the Roman circus. ‘Thus we learn from 
the Armenian version of Africanus that the chariot-race ceased at 
Olympia in Ol. 178 (=68 B.c.). It must, however, have been re- 
instated toward the end of the century, since Tiberius Claudius Nero— 
afterwards the Emperor Tiberius—won in Ol. 194 (=4B.C.).7 It again 
went into disuse, since Africanus says that it, ma\au kwAvOeis, was re- 
introduced in Ol. 199 (=17 A.D.), when Germanicus, the adopted son 
of Tiberius, won. Once more it was discontinued, and again renewed 
1XV, 679-84; Hesiod, Scut., 285 f. On myths relating to it, see Krause, I, p. 582, n. 1. We 
read of equi desultorii at the games inaugurated by Cesar in Rome: Sueton., Julius, 39. See 
supra, p. 3 2VT, 13.9. 
8P., V,9.1. Polemon, frag. 21 (=F. H.G., III, p. 122), apud schol. on Pindar, O/., V, Argum. 
(Boeckh, p. 117), says that the x&Az7n ceased in Ol. 84 (=444 B. C.), if we accept Boeckh’s correc- 
tion 7’ for 05’. Ascholiast on Pindar, Ol., V, lines 6 and 19 (Boeckh, pp. 119 and 122) says OL. 85 
(=440 B.C.); another on O/., VI, Argum. (Boeckh, p. 129), says Ol. 85 or Ol. 86. But Ol. 85 may 
be reconciled with Pausanias’ and Polemon’s date by assuming that the proclamation of aboli- 
tion fell in Ol. 84, but that the event was first omitted in Ol. 85; see Bentley, Diss. upon the 
Epistles of Phalaris, p. 200 (ed. W. Wagner). 
4VI, 9.2; Hyde, 84. 
5V, 9.1; he won Ol. 70 (=500 B. C.); Foerster, 157. 
6Anaxilas of Rhegion, whose victory fell sometime between Ols. (?) 70 and 76 (=500 and 476 
B. C.), and was celebrated by Simonides, frag. 7 (=P. 1. G., III, p. 390); Agesias of Syracuse, 
whose victory fell Ol. (?) 77 (=472 B.C.), and was celebrated by Pindar, Ol., VI; and Psaumis of 
Kamarina, whose victory, falling Ol. (?) 81 (=456 B. C.), was sung by the pseudo-Pindar, O/., V 
(=P. 1. G., I, pp. 109 f.); he also won in the chariot-race in Ol. (?) 82 (=452 B. C.), a victory 
sung by Pindar in O1., IV. See Foerster, nos. 173, 210, 234, and 238. 
TInschr. v. Ol., 220, 221; Foerster, 601. 
8The corrupt text of Africanus is here corrected by Gelzer, S. Jul. Afr. und die byzant. Chrono- 
graphie, 1880, I, pp. 168 f. Gardiner, p. 165, n. 3, wrongly gives the victory of Germanicus as 
Ol. 194, thus confusing it with that of Tiberius. 
