262 MONUMENTS OF HIPPODROME AND MUSICAL VICTORS. 
in Ol. 222 (=109 A.D.), according to the same authority, who, however, 
does not name any victor for that date. Just when this discon- 
tinuance took place, we can not say, but it was certainly after Ol. 211 
(=65 A. D.), when the emperor Nero is known to have won victories 
in various kinds of chariot-races.!_ Three Olympiads before, an Elean, 
Tiberios Klaudios Aphrodeisios, had also won the horse-race.? 
REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CHARIOT-RACE. 
Representations of the various chariot-races are commoner than 
those of any other Olympic contest, appearing on vases, reliefs, coins, 
and gems.® ‘There seem to have been two distinct types of racing- 
chariot in Greece.*~ The four-horse chariot was a modification of the 
heroic two-horse war-chariot, which was a low car on two wheels, sur- 
mounted by a box consisting of a high framework, open only at the 
rear, and large enough to contain the chieftain and the charioteer. 
The war-chariot was known to both Mycenzan Greece and Crete. 
There is a relief of uncertain date in the Museum of Candia, which rep- 
resents a chariot and charioteer.®> It is far superior to the type of char- 
lots appearing in relief on the grave-stones found at Mycenz,® though 
the type on both is of the same general pattern, having the same box 
and four-spoked wheels. On the Mycenzan reliefs the box seems to 
rest directly upon the rim of the wheel, and the portrayal of a single 
horse is very inartistic. On the Candia relief, however, there are at 
least two horses discernible, and both the horses and the warrior, who 
is about to mount the car, are lifelike. The Greek racing-car was much 
lighter than the Homeric and Mycenzan war-chariot, and the box had 
room only for the charioteer. It was drawn usually by four horses. 
The Athenian type appears on Panathenaic vases throughout the whole 
history of the manufacture of these vases,’ and also on Macedonian 
and Sicilian coins. On certain vases of later date the car is still lighter 
and has larger wheels. One of the earliest racing-cars is seen on a 
1Foerster, 642-647. 
2O1. 208 (=53 A. D.); Foerster, 634. 
3Most of the gems representing such contests, however, refer to the Roman circus. 
‘For illustrations of the two, see Dar.-Sagl., I, 2, pp. 1636 f., figs. 2203 f., and cf. Gardiner, 
pp. 458 f.; an excellent illustration of a four-horse chariot and driver is seen on an Attic-Corinthian 
goblet (dinos) in the Louvre: Perrot-Chipiez, X, Pl. II, opp. p. 116; also several at rest and 
racing on the Francois Vase: Perrot-Chipiez, X, p. 141, fig. 93, p. 154, fig. 101 (=Furtw.-Reich- 
hold, Griech. Vasenmaleret, 1904-1912, Pls. III, 10, and XI—XII.). 
5Von Mach,'no. 5. 
See, e. g.. P. Gardner, Sculptured Tombs of Hellas, 1896, figs. 18-20. 
7C. Smith, B. S. 4., III, 1896-7, pp. 183 f., dates these prize amphorz from the middle of the 
sixth to the close of the fourth centuries B. C., as the last of the series is dated 313 B.C. In this 
article he publishes a mosaic found on Delos (Pl. XVI, a) and dating from the early second cen- 
tury B. C., which reproduces a Panathenaic amphora with an illustration of a chariot-race—the 
latest date at which either a prize-amphora (or picture of one) can be proved to have been used. 
He believes (p. 187) that it is the representation of an amphora won long before by the ancestor 
of the owner of the mosaic, carefully preserved in his family. 
