REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CHARIOT-RACE. 263 
vase in the British Museum,’ dating from the eighth century B.C. It 
seems to be a two-horse car, as we should expect at this early date, 
though the artist has drawn but one horse. The charioteer is clothed 
in a long chiton, a custom which was generally kept throughout the 
history of the chariot-race. The regular two-horse type of chariot 
appears on vases as a cart, the body of the old war-chariot being so 
diminished that nothing is left but the driver’s seat with a square open 
framework on the sides. ‘The driver rests his feet on a footboard sus- 
pended from the pole.? Perhaps this represents a peculiarly Athenian 
type of chariot, since the two-horse chariot on coins of Philip II, son of 
Amyntas and father of Alexander the Great, a victor at Olympia in 
both horse-racing and charioteering, resembles the ordinary four-horse 
car, and the driver stands instead of sits.*> The mule-car was like the 
two-horse chariot, as we see in representations of it on coins of Rhegion 
and Messana.* ‘The best illustrations of racing with four-horse cars 
are afforded by coins of Sicilian cities.» We see an excellent repre- 
sentation of such a race on a sixth-century B.C. Panathenaic vase 
recently found at Sparta, on which a chariot driven by a standing 
charioteer is represented as passing a pillar on the right, and therefore 
perhaps near the end of the race.6 The harnessing of two horses to a 
racing-car is seen on an archaic b.-f. hydria in Berlin (Pl. 26).7 Here 
a third horse appears, led by a nude youth, who is crowned, and who 
therefore probably represents a victorious horse-racer. Several other 
b.-f. vase-paintings showing four-horse chariots have been collected by 
Gerhard. However, we are not dependent upon vase-paintings and 
coins to judge of the magnificence of Greek chariots of the historical 
period, for we have actual remains of them—war-chariots, to be sure, 
but not very unlike the ones used at the corresponding dates in Olym- 
pia. Among these is the fine bronze biga found in the grave of an 
Italian prince at Monteleone, Etruria, in 1902, and now one of the chief 
1B. M. Guide to Greek and Roman Life, 1908, p. 200. 
2F. g..on a Panathenaic amphora in the British Museum, dating from the sixth century B. C.: 
B. M. Vases, B 132; Gardiner, p. 458, fig. 166; cf. also a silver tetradrachm from Rhegion in the 
British Museum, from the early fifth century B. C.: Gardiner, p. 460, fig. 168. 
3Philip won xéAnre in Ol. 106 (=356 B. C.): Plut., dlex., 3 and 4; cf. Justin, XII, 16, 6; dpyare 
twice at unknown dates: Foerster, 360, 364, 370. As we have no record of a victory by him 
ovvwpist, the two-horse chariot appearing on his coins (e. g., a gold stater in the British Museum, 
Gardiner, p. 459, fig. 167, right) may refer to unrecorded victories, or else may be interpreted 
(with Gardiner) as a pun on his name. 
4F. g., on the silver tetradrachm of Rhegion in the British Museum. This and other coins 
commemorate the victory in this event of the Rhegion prince Anaxilas, already mentioned: 
Aristotle, frag. 228a, ap. Pollux, V, 73 (=F. H. G., II, p. 173); Foerster, 173. 
5F. g., a decadrachm of Akragas (dating from the end of the fifth century B. C.) and another of 
Syracuse (from the beginning of the fourth century B. C.) in the British Museum; reproduced by 
Gardiner, p. 465, fig. 172. 
6B. S. A., XIII, 1906-7, Pl. V; Gardner, p. 456, fig. 165. 
7Gerhard, IV, Pls. CCXLIX and CCL; Dar.-Sagl., /. ¢., fig. 2219. It was formerly in Lucien 
Bonaparte’s collection. 
e47F 4 tis. CCLI-CCLIV. 
