CHARIOT-GROUPS AT OLYMPIA. DEY. 
it himself.t_ Thrasyboulos seems to have driven his father’s car at the 
victory commemorated by the sixth Pythian Ode, sung in honor of the 
chariot victory of Xenokrates of Akragas in 490 B.C. at Delphi. Kar- 
rhotos, the charioteer of Arkesilas of Kyrene already mentioned, was 
the latter’s brother-in-law.? Similarly Aigyptos appears to have ridden 
his own horse at Olympia instead of entrusting it to a jockey. Sopho- 
kles, in the Electra, has the hero Orestes drive his own chariot at the 
Pythia. Kyniska, the daughter of king Archidamas of Sparta, was the 
first woman to enter the contests at the race-course and the first to win 
an Olympic victory with her chariot. Apart from the small votive 
offering, already mentioned as standing in the temple of Zeus, she had 
also a victor-group at Olympia, by the sculptor Apellas, consisting of 
chariot, horses, charioteer, and herself. The rounded form of the 
recovered base,* in connection with the description of Pausanias, per- 
‘mits us to assume that the statue of the princess stood in front on the 
projecting rounded portion of the pedestal. This is the contention of 
Loewy, who opposes the theory of Furtwaengler® that the statue stood 
away from the rest of the group, since Pausanias makes no mention of 
such an arrangement. In any case, the charioteer in the group can not 
have been separated from the car. 
In an unpublished paper by my former teacher, Dr. Alfred. Emer- 
son, which was read by Professor D. M. Robinson before the Arche- 
ological Institute of America at its Christmas meeting in Providence 
in 1910, and entitled The Case of Kyniska,’ the argument was made that 
the chariot was in miniature; that the statue of Kyniska was a por- 
trait, because of the wording of the recovered epigram; and, lastly that 
the smallest of the so-called bronze dancers from the villa of the Pisos 
in Herculaneum, now in Naples, is a late reproduction of the statue at 
Olympia by Apellas.. Emerson thinks that Pliny no doubt often visited 
the villa and may well have had these statues in mind when he mentioned 
Apellas as the author of several statues of women adorning themselves.® 
The monument erected by Hiero, son of Deinomenes and brother 
and successor of king Gelo at Syracuse, who won two horse-races and 
a four-horse chariot victory at Olympia in Ols. 76, 77, 78 (=476- 
468 B.C.),° consisted of a bronze chariot, on which the charioteer was 
mounted, and on either side a race-horse with a jockey on each. Onatas 
made the chariot (and possibly the statue of the driver), while Kalamis 
1Line 15. 2Pindar., Pyth., V, 26. For the above examples, see also Gardiner, p. 463. 
3P., VI, 2.8; he was represented on horseback. SPU. he ef v Ie 186. 
5Inschr. v. Ol., 160; Loewy, I. G. B., 99; see 4. G., XIII, 16. 64. Z,; XX XVII, 1879, p: 151. 
™Notedin 4. J. A., XV, 1911, p. 60. 
8H. N., XXXIV, 86: et adornantes se feminas. For the five larger bronze figures, see Inv., 5604-5, 
5619-21; for the smaller sixth figure, usually known as the Praying Child, see Inv., 5603. All six 
are pictured in E. R. Barker’s Buried Herculaneum, 1908, Figs. 18-19. 
*P., VI, 12.1; cf. VIII, 42.9-10; Oxy. Pap.; Hyde, 105; Foerster, 199, 209, and 215. Pindar 
celebrates the victory of 476 B. C. in his first Olympian ode. 
