282 MONUMENTS OF HIPPODROME AND MUSICAL VICTORS. 
the first half of the fifth century B.C.! The position of the hands 
holding the reins reminds us strongly of the Delphi Chartoteer (Fig. 66). 
The diadem in the hair shows that a victor is represented. A small 
bronze statuette in the Loeb collection in Munich represents a boy 
riding a prancing horse, which is standing on its hind legs. ‘This vigor- 
ous, but poorly finished, work is decorative in character and probably 
once belonged to the crown of acandelabrum. It appears to be either 
an Etruscan or early Roman work based on a Hellenistic original.? 
THE APOBATES HORSE-RACE. 
In a previous section we discussed the apobates chariot-race run at 
the Panathenaic games in Athens, in which the apobates leaped down 
and ran to the goal abreast of the chariot. We shall now briefly speak 
of a similar race at Olympia (the xaAmn) in which the rider leaped from 
his mare in the last lap and ran with her to the goal.’ There is no 
certain illustration in sculpture or on vase-paintings of this race, but 
Gardiner believes that something like it appears on coins of Tarentum, 
on which a nude youth, armed with a small round shield, is represented 
in the act of jumping from his horse.*- The military character of this 
race, like that of the apobates chariot-race discussed, is shown by the 
shield held in the left hand of the dismounting horseman. Helbig has 
shown that the Greek knight of the sixth century B. C. was merely a 
mounted infantryman, the successor of the Homeric warrior who used 
his chariot merely for pursuit or flight, while actually fighting from the 
ground.’ Just sothe knight rode to battle on his horse, but dismounted 
when near the enemy, leaving the horse in charge of his squire, as the 
Homeric chieftain left his chariot in charge of his charioteer. ‘This old 
custom of the heroic age survived not only in the Panathenaic chariot- 
race, but also, for a few years in the fifth century B. C., in the Olympic 
mare-race known as the xaAryn. It seems to have been instituted there 
for military reasons in order to revive the old form of fighting that had 
gone out of use just at the close of the sixth century B.C., but it endured 
for only a half century, from Ols. 71 to 84 (=496 to 444 B.cC.). The 
corresponding chariot-race at Athens and elsewhere continued at least 
to the end of the fourth century B.C. 

1See preliminary account by Th. Reinach in C. R. Acad. Inser., 1919, (Jan.-Feb.), pp. 56-59 
and fig.onp. 58. Itis 49 centimeters high. 
*J. Sieveking, Die Bronz. d. Sammi. Loeb, 1913, p. 70, Pl. 29; itis 0.12 meter high. An exact copy 
is in the Cabinet des Médailles in Paris; Babelon et Blanchet, Cat. des bronzes ant. de la 
Bibliothéque Nationale, 1893, no. 893. For further examples of horsemen in bronze and marble, 
seé Reinach, Rep., IL, 250, 527-535. 
‘The race is described by P., V, 9.2; cf. Plutarch, Quaest. conviv., V, 2 (675 C.) For possible 
examples in sculpture, see Reinach, Rép., I, 2, pp. 532-3. 
*E. g., ona silver stater of the early third century B. C. from Tarentum in the British Museum: 
Gardiner, p. 462, fig. 170 (right). 
Les immets athéniens, 1902 (Extrait des Mémoires de l Acad. des Inscr. et Belles-Lettres, Vol. 
XXXVII). Cf. Gardiner, pp. 71-2. 
