DEDICATIONS OF MUSICAL VICTORS. 283 
DEDICATIONS OF MUSICAL VICTORS AT OLYMPIA AND - 
EESEWHERE. 
In closing this chapter we shall say a few words about monuments 
erected to trumpeters, heralds, and musical victors at Olympia, though 
such contests had nothing to do with athletics. 
Contests for trumpeters and heralds. were held in many parts of 
Greece.! They were introduced at Olympia in Ol. 96 (=396 B.C.), 
when Timaios of Elis won as trumpeter and Krates of Elis as herald.? 
Pausanias mentions an altar, near the entrance to the stadion, upon 
which trumpeters and heralds stood when competing.’ Such contests 
seem to have been mere displays of lung power. Herodoros, for ex- 
ample, who won as trumpeter at Olympia ten times in the last quarter 
of the fourth and beginning of the third century B. C.‘, could blow two 
trumpets at once so loud that no one could stand near him.> To 
perform such a feat he was said to be a very large man.® Diogenes, 
son of Dionysios of Ephesos, won five victories in trumpeting at Olym- 
pia. He was twice periodonikes and also won many other victories 
at the Isthmus, Nemea, and elsewhere—eighty in all.?7 We have an 
excellent bronze statuette of a trumpeter, which was found in the 
Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos at Sparta, dating from the middle of 
the fifth century B.C., about a century and a half before the event was 
introduced at Olympia.® This “little masterpiece of Spartan art,” 
whose style resembles that of the Olympia pediment sculptures, rep- 
resents a nude man standing, the left arm hanging by his side, while the 
right is bent upwards to the mouth, where it held a tubular object 
pointing upwards. Since the lips are tightly compressed, Dickins 
has interpreted the object as a trumpet. A much damaged bronze 
statuette in the British Museum represents a man playing on a long 

1Heralds (xnpuxes), trumpeters (cadmiorai), flutists (atAnrai), cithara-players (xc@ap.cral), 
and those who sang with them («c@apwéot), are mentioned as victors in many inscriptions: ¢. g., 
at Oropos, C. J. G. G. S., I, nos. 419-20; at Tanagra, izbid., 540; at Plataiai, ib7d., 1667; at 
Thespiai, 1b7d., 1760 and 1773;-0on Mt. Helikon, ibid., 1776; at Akraiphia, zbid., 2727; at Koro- 
neia, ibid., 2871; etc.. Cf. Frazer, III, p. 628. Also on Samos: see inscription discussed in 
ito) ¥ 11, 1886, p- 150. 
2Afr.; Foerster, nos. 302 (Timaios) and 303 (Krates); they are not mentioned by Pausanias 
in his account of the introduction of various contests at Olympia, V, 8.6 f. Lucian mentions the 
contests of heralds at Olympia: de morte Peregrint, 32. 
aN ers. Le 
4Nestor (F. H. G., III, p. 485*, quoted by Athenzus, X, 7, p. 415a) says that he was periodo- 
nikes ten times, while Pcllux (IV, 89) says seventimes. For the dates of the victories, which fell 
some time between Ols. (?) 113 and 122 (=328 and 292 B.C.), see Foerster, nos. 395, 399, 402, 
404, 406, 411, 415, 422, 425, and 428. 
5Athen., X, 7 (p. 414e). 
6Amarantos of Alexandria, apud Athen., 1. c., says that he was 3.5 ells in height; Pollux, /. c., four 
ells. Athenzus relates examples of his voracity. 
7For the inscribed basis of his statue at Olympia, see Inschr. v. Ol., 232; cf. Foerster, 815-19 
(undated). The inscription appears to belong to the first century A. D. 
8B. S. A., XIII, 1906-7, pp. 146-7 (Dickins) and fig. 3; cf. 4. J. A., XIII, 1909, p. 83 and fig. 6. 
It is 0.131 meter high. 
