308 TWO MARBLE HEADS FROM VICTOR STATUES. 
unrestrained violence which we see in this and the other male heads, 
and gave the sculptor an opportunity to represent his heroes in the 
excitement of action and danger. ‘To effect this intensity of expression 
Skopas relied mainly on the treatment of the eye. In one of the heads 
(the unhelmeted one in Athens) the gaze is not turned upwards as in the 
Herakles, nor are the neck-muscles strained as in the others, and yet 
the expression is even more violent than in them. ‘Thus it is the mod- 
eling of the flesh about the eye which is the real distinguishing feature 
of Skopas’ work. In describing the helmeted head in Athens, E. A. 
Gardner says: 
“The eyes are set very deep in their sockets, and heavily overshadowed, at 
their inner corners, by the strong projection of the brow, which does not, 
however, as in some later examples of a similar intention on the part of the 
artist, meet the line of the nose at an acute angle, but arches away from it ina 
bold curve. At the outer corners the eyes are also heavily overshadowed, here 
by a projecting mass of flesh or muscle which overhangs and actually hides in 
part the upper lid. The eyes are very wide-open—with a dilation which 
comes from fixing the eyes upon a distant object—and therefore suggest the 
far-away look associated with a passionate nature.’””! 
COMPARISON OF THE TEGEA HEADS AND THE 
HEAD FROM SPARTA. 
It is to the facial characteristics in the Tegea heads that Dr. Bates 
calls attention in basing his argument for the Skopaic origin of the head 
from Sparta: the forehead horizontally divided by a median line, the 
swelling, prominent brow, the deep-set eyes with their narrow lids— 
only 2 mm. wide—embedded in the projecting flesh at the outer cor- 
ners, and the parted mouth. He also sees a resemblance in the small 
round curls bunched together above the ears. But if there are resem- 
blances (especially in the modeling of the eyes) there are also great 
differences observable in the Tegea heads and the one from Sparta. 
Let us confine our comparison of the Jatter with the Herakles of the 
Tegea pediment, though the comparison with any of the other male 
heads would lead to substantially the same results. 
In the first place the structure of the two heads in question is very 
different. As the head from Sparta is broken in two at the ears and the 
whole back part is missing, we can not tell whether it had the great 
depth of the one from Tegea. But of the massive, bony framework of the 
latter there is little trace in the former. In the Tegea example we are 
struck with the squareness of the head and the breadth of the central 
part of the face; the sides do not gradually converge toward the middle, 
but seem to form distinct planes. The distance between the eyes is 
also in keeping with the breadth of the skull as measured between the 
ears; the breadth of the face almost equals its length from the top of 
the Paliaad to the chin, and this fact, together with the massive, promi- 

From his Atalanta of Tegea, in J. H. S., XXVI, 1906, pp. 172-3, quoted in part by Dr. 
Bates, 1. c., pp. 155-6. 
