320 TWO MARBLE HEADS FROM VICTOR STATUES. 
served and were in that condition, they would not be a distinguishing 
factor in determining whether the head belonged to the statue of a 
victor or of Herakles. In our consideration of the Olympia head we 
saw by a comparison with the Lansdowne Herakles, a statue univer- 
sally recognized as that of the hero, how fundamentally different were 
the two in their whole conception and how differently a highly idealized 
athlete and a hero were treated by the same sculptor. The same 
might be said of the boyish head from Sparta, when compared with 
a genuine head of Herakles. For this reason, and because of the 
resemblance in expression between the Philandridas and the head 
from Sparta, I am inclined to believe that the latter, instead of being 
a representation of a youthful Herakles, is really the idealized portrait 
of an athlete, probably that of a boy victor, either in the boxing or 
wrestling match, assimilated in form to that of the hero.? 
1This would explain the simple, even sketchy, treatment of the closely cropped hair, just as in 
the Agias and the Philandridas. The similarly parted lips of the Sparta head are certainly 
more appropriate to an athlete represented as weary with his toil than to a youthful Herakles. 
The slightly fierce expression of the face, augmented by the already noted imperfection in the 
modeling of the right eye-ball, recalls the yopyov look characteristic of boxers and pancratiasts; 
cf. supra, p. 317, n. 2. Onthe threatening eyes of contestants in general, see Xenophon, Mem., 
III, 10, 6-8, and supra, p. 59. 
The héad appears to me to be that of a boy of about sixteen years; its style is too early for a 
victor in the boys’ pankration, as this event was not introduced at Olympia until the 145th 
Olympiad (=200 B.C.): see Paus., V, 8.11 and Ph., 13. The wrestling match for boys was in- 
troduced in Ol. 37 (=632 B. C.): see Paus., V, 8.9, and Afr. Boys were first allowed to box in Ol. 
41 (=616 B.C.): see Paus., ibid. (though Philostratos, 13, gives two traditions, Ols. 41 and 60). 
2We have record of only one statue of a victor set up in Sparta, that of the wrestler 
Hetoimokles, who won at the beginning of the sixth century B. C.: see Paus., III, 13.9, and ef. 
infra., Ch. VIIi, p. 362, no. 4. 
