EARLY VICTOR STATUES AND THE ‘“‘APOLLO”’ TYPE. 337 
necropolis of Tenea near Corinth.! Likewise the example from Thera 
(Fig. 9) was found in a rock-cut niche.2. Another, now in the British 
Museum, was found in the dromos of a tomb on the island of Cyprus,’ 
while a fourth was unearthed from the necropolis of Megara Hyblaia in 
Sicily. The one found at Volomandra in Attika in 1900 was also found 
in an old cemetery.’ These furnish proof enough of the sepulchral 
character of many of these statues. Such funerary monuments may, 
of course, have been been set up also in memory of victors. 
We are now in a position, on the basis of Pausanias’ description of 
Arrhachion’s statue and the actual monument itself, to maintain with 
certainty what hitherto has been conjectured only, that although 
some of these archaic sculptures represent Apollo and other gods, sep- 
ulchral dedications, and ex votos in general, others were intended to 
represent athletes also. Doubtless the other early victor monuments 
recorded, such as the wooden statues of Praxidamas and Rhexibios, 
and those of Eutelidas, Kylon, and Hetoimokles, already discussed in 
Ch. III, conformed with the earlier type, while that of Milo, described 
by Philostratos,® conformed with the later. Certain examples of the 
series have already been ascribed to victors. Thus the marble head of 
Attic workmanship found in or near Athens and known as the Rayet- 
Jacobsen head (Fig. 22), has been referred to a pancratiast because of its 
swollen and deformed ears.’ Certain statuettes of the same pose as the 
“Apollos” have been looked upon as copies of athlete statues. So the 
early doubts? as to the meaning of these archaic sculptures have been 
resolved in many cases. We have added one well-attested example 
to show that they sometimes represented victor monuments. 
1See Milchhoefer, 4. Z., XX XIX, 1881, pp. 54-55. 
"See Loeschke, 4. M., IV, 1879, p. 304; cf. Furtwaengler, 4. Z., XL, 1882, p. 57; Hiller von 
Gaertringen, Thera, III, 1904, p. 285; Ross, Reisen auf d. griech. Inseln des Aegaeischen Meeres, 
I, 1840, p. 8. 
3See Deonna, Les Apollons archaiques, pp. 238-9, no. 141; B. M. Sculpt., 207 (=torso). 
4Deonna, p. 247, no. 155. This is one of the most recent of the series and belongs to the end 
of the sixth or beginning of the fifth century B. C.: Orsi, Monumenti antichi, I, pp. 789 f. 
5Bulle, 37 (left). 
6Vit. Apoll. Tyan., IV, 28; see supra, pp. 106-7. Scherer, of. cit., pp. 23 ff., thought that this 
statue conformed with the type of the Apollo of Kanachos already mentioned. Reisch, p. 40, 
rightly believes that it had “noch geschlossene Beine, aber geloeste Arme,” i. ¢., like the Apollo of 
Tektaios and Angelion already discussed. 
7Arndt, La Glyptothéque Ny-Carlsberg, pp. 1-2 and Pls. I-II; Deonna, pp. 143-4, no. 21. It has 
been ascribed to different artists of the last quarter of the sixth century B. C.: Lechat, du 
Musée del’ Acropole, pp. 359-60; Klein, I, p. 246 f.; we have already discussed it on pp. 127-8. 
E. A. Gardner, J. H. S., VIII, 1887, p. 190, refers some of the statues found at the Ptoian sanc- 
tuary to athletes, but Holleaux believes that these statues represent Apollo: B. C. H., X, 1886, 
p. 68; cf. also Stais, Marbres et Bronzes, p. 8. W. Vischer, Kleine Schriften, II, 1878, p. 307, 
admits that some of the “Apollos” can be athletes, as Conze and Michaelis had done: Annall, 
XXXIII, 861, p. 80. 8See Deonna, p. 253. 
°Thus Scherer, p. 22, n. 3, and Reisch, p. 40, leave the question unsettled; Gardner, HDdk., 
p. 98, n. 1, thinks that the material for a decision as to a given statue, whether of this god or 
that, or of a worshiper or athlete, hardly exists; Collignon, Mythol. figurée de la Gréce, p. 84, 
recognizes that these statues stood for both gods and athletes; Hitz.-Bluemn., III, 1, p. 262, 
think that the type passes equally well for gods and sepulchral statues; Overbeck, I, pp. 114-115, and 
F. W., p. 11, believe thatit represents a general scheme for athletes, sepulchral statues, and Apollos. 
